{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4297659144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3549015.3554211","title":"Shoulder Surfing through the Social Lens: A Longitudinal Investigation &amp; Insights from an Exploratory Diary Study","display_name":"Shoulder Surfing through the Social Lens: A Longitudinal Investigation &amp; Insights from an Exploratory Diary Study","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4297659144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3549015.3554211"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3549015.3554211","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3549015.3554211","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 European Symposium on Usable Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/56379.html>,","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060533430","display_name":"Habiba Farzand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2961-3500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Habiba Farzand","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087905953","display_name":"Karola Marky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7129-9642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114112103","display_name":"Leibniz University Hannover","ror":"https://ror.org/0304hq317","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}],"countries":["DE","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karola Marky","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Glasgow, United Kingdom and Leibniz University Hannover, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow, United Kingdom and Leibniz University Hannover, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114112103","https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001935352","display_name":"Mohamed Khamis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7051-5200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Khamis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060533430"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7689,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91534464,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"85","last_page":"97"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10355","display_name":"Impact of Technology on Adolescents","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closeness","display_name":"Closeness","score":0.8526850938796997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5512647032737732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.4858086109161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.484362930059433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/through-the-lens-metering","display_name":"Through-the-lens metering","score":0.47119614481925964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.45676517486572266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4228581488132477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24545061588287354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lens","display_name":"Lens (geology)","score":0.11998870968818665}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779545769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135364","display_name":"Closeness","level":2,"score":0.8526850938796997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5512647032737732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4858086109161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.484362930059433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43091099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1067788","display_name":"Through-the-lens metering","level":3,"score":0.47119614481925964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.45676517486572266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4228581488132477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24545061588287354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.11998870968818665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78762247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273174","display_name":"Petroleum engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3549015.3554211","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3549015.3554211","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 European Symposium on Usable Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:276959","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/56379.html>,","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:276959","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/56379.html>,","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2338727396","display_name":"TAPS: Assessing, Mitigating and Raising Awareness of the Security and Privacy Risks of Thermal Imaging","funder_award_id":"EP/V008870/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G521268540","display_name":"PETRAS 2","funder_award_id":"EP/S035362/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5816251574","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/V008870/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5950183893","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EPSRC","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320337","funder_display_name":"University of Glasgow"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320337","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95067517","https://openalex.org/W1507434951","https://openalex.org/W1972138918","https://openalex.org/W1984367702","https://openalex.org/W2002152254","https://openalex.org/W2006605027","https://openalex.org/W2024619322","https://openalex.org/W2046561649","https://openalex.org/W2135676535","https://openalex.org/W2153245338","https://openalex.org/W2157989366","https://openalex.org/W2264168823","https://openalex.org/W2345493351","https://openalex.org/W2398149261","https://openalex.org/W2611149039","https://openalex.org/W2617378240","https://openalex.org/W2756320651","https://openalex.org/W2771667991","https://openalex.org/W2886739557","https://openalex.org/W2904091553","https://openalex.org/W2940919681","https://openalex.org/W2969803706","https://openalex.org/W2978280554","https://openalex.org/W3005837602","https://openalex.org/W3017863658","https://openalex.org/W3023639742","https://openalex.org/W3032261036","https://openalex.org/W3039094657","https://openalex.org/W3106195390","https://openalex.org/W3183409302","https://openalex.org/W4224242333","https://openalex.org/W4225000233","https://openalex.org/W4229018792","https://openalex.org/W4281942847","https://openalex.org/W4286255287"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995054232","https://openalex.org/W2156910174","https://openalex.org/W1556709767","https://openalex.org/W2011510925","https://openalex.org/W1557920161","https://openalex.org/W1993023208","https://openalex.org/W4291020658","https://openalex.org/W2593813644","https://openalex.org/W1562218326","https://openalex.org/W107495730"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Shoulder":[0],"surfing":[1,19,37,54,62,73,98,129],"is":[2],"a":[3,40,43],"prevailing":[4],"threat":[5],"when":[6,91],"accessing":[7],"information":[8],"on":[9,35],"personal":[10],"devices":[11],"like":[12],"smartphones.":[13],"Adequate":[14],"mitigation":[15,106,130],"requires":[16],"studying":[17],"shoulder":[18,36,53,61,68,72,89,97,111,128],"occurrences":[20,38],"in":[21,55],"people\u2019s":[22],"daily":[23],"lives.":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26],"paper,":[27],"we":[28],"confirm":[29],"and":[30,57,81,122,147],"extend":[31],"previous":[32],"research":[33,142],"findings":[34],"using":[39],"new":[41],"method;":[42],"one-month":[44],"diary":[45],"study":[46,79],"(N=23).":[47],"Our":[48,113],"results":[49],"provide":[50],"evidence":[51],"of":[52,85,126],"public":[56],"private":[58],"environments.":[59],"Content-based":[60],"happens":[63],"more":[64],"frequently":[65],"than":[66],"authentication-based":[67],"surfing.":[69,112],"Participants":[70,100],"experienced":[71],"at":[74],"least":[75],"twice":[76],"during":[77],"the":[78,83,88,124],"period":[80],"considered":[82],"closeness":[84],"relationships":[86],"with":[87,138],"surfers":[90],"deciding":[92],"how":[93],"to":[94,96,143],"respond":[95],"incidents.":[99],"preferred":[101],"unobtrusive":[102],"alerting":[103],"mechanisms":[104,107],"over":[105],"for":[108,140],"protection":[109],"against":[110],"work":[114],"advocates":[115],"moving":[116],"away":[117],"from":[118],"one-size-fits-all":[119],"privacy":[120],"solutions":[121],"supports":[123],"design":[125],"user-centred":[127],"methods":[131],"that":[132],"consider":[133],"social":[134],"aspects.":[135],"We":[136],"conclude":[137],"directions":[139],"future":[141],"assist":[144],"security":[145],"researchers":[146],"practitioners.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
