{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308632348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3548606.3560617","title":"Platypus","display_name":"Platypus","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308632348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3548606.3560617"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3548606.3560617","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3548606.3560617","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608815","display_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065877761","display_name":"Karl W\u00fcst","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6000-3009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128801","display_name":"Helmholtz Center for Information Security","ror":"https://ror.org/02njgxr09","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I4210128801"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Karl W\u00fcst","raw_affiliation_strings":["CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128801"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021906979","display_name":"Kari Kostiainen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9092-8683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kari Kostiainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010538958","display_name":"Noah Delius","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noah Delius","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077290467","display_name":"Sr\u0111jan \u010capkun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5727-3673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srdjan Capkun","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065877761"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128801"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3856,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95695696,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2947","last_page":"2960"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9624000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-currency","display_name":"Digital currency","score":0.8920069932937622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptocurrency","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","score":0.8447461128234863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6731870174407959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6139971613883972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/platypus","display_name":"Platypus","score":0.5929380059242249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-cash","display_name":"Electronic cash","score":0.5555616617202759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cash","display_name":"Cash","score":0.5468671917915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.492887020111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.4923790693283081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payment","display_name":"Payment","score":0.48314446210861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/banknote","display_name":"Banknote","score":0.44572508335113525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.4361191391944885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.43214133381843567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity","display_name":"Popularity","score":0.41919487714767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.338172972202301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.2105005383491516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.19808116555213928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.14145389199256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12205323576927185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.10519304871559143}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48220719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10836209","display_name":"Digital currency","level":3,"score":0.8920069932937622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180706569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479982","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","level":2,"score":0.8447461128234863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6731870174407959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6139971613883972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777322942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15343","display_name":"Platypus","level":2,"score":0.5929380059242249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778522442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1326122","display_name":"Electronic cash","level":3,"score":0.5555616617202759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778083465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693464","display_name":"Cash","level":2,"score":0.5468671917915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.492887020111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.4923790693283081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.48314446210861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779681140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47433","display_name":"Banknote","level":2,"score":0.44572508335113525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.4361191391944885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.43214133381843567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.41919487714767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.338172972202301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2105005383491516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.19808116555213928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.14145389199256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12205323576927185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.10519304871559143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3548606.3560617","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3548606.3560617","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608815","display_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W271577796","https://openalex.org/W1499011609","https://openalex.org/W1581663496","https://openalex.org/W2013686672","https://openalex.org/W2037107113","https://openalex.org/W2043007983","https://openalex.org/W2108834246","https://openalex.org/W2137664544","https://openalex.org/W2158259254","https://openalex.org/W2400148870","https://openalex.org/W2496543269","https://openalex.org/W2552640487","https://openalex.org/W2950042958","https://openalex.org/W2979542809","https://openalex.org/W2982408395","https://openalex.org/W3151748982","https://openalex.org/W3209656134","https://openalex.org/W4248175462"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3140404707","https://openalex.org/W3080787971","https://openalex.org/W3004229380","https://openalex.org/W3109497356","https://openalex.org/W2772486733","https://openalex.org/W4280506779","https://openalex.org/W3193724200","https://openalex.org/W3122825605","https://openalex.org/W4321636117","https://openalex.org/W2610189865"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,132,172,181,189],"the":[2,7,13,62,67,107,137,190],"popularity":[3],"of":[4,10,17,59,71,101,111,125],"blockchain-based":[5],"cryptocurrencies,":[6],"increasing":[8],"digitalization":[9],"payments,":[11],"and":[12,87,151,186],"constantly":[14],"reducing":[15],"role":[16],"cash":[18],"in":[19,28,175],"society,":[20],"central":[21,30],"banks":[22],"have":[23],"shown":[24],"an":[25,114],"increased":[26],"interest":[27],"deploying":[29],"bank":[31],"digital":[32,40,103,127,140],"currencies":[33,104,128],"(CBDCs)":[34],"that":[35,56,105,121,145],"could":[36],"serve":[37],"as":[38],"a":[39,72,98,123,162],"cash-equivalent.":[41],"While":[42],"most":[43],"recent":[44],"research":[45],"on":[46,49,90],"CBDCs":[47],"focuses":[48],"blockchain":[50,85,177],"technology,":[51],"it":[52],"is":[53,129],"not":[54],"clear":[55],"this":[57,80],"choice":[58],"technology":[60],"provides":[61,146],"optimal":[63],"solution.":[64],"In":[65,79],"particular,":[66],"centralized":[68],"trust":[69],"model":[70,110,185],"CBDC":[73],"offers":[74],"opportunities":[75],"for":[76,161],"different":[77],"designs.":[78],"paper,":[81],"we":[82],"depart":[83],"from":[84,92],"designs":[86],"instead":[88],"build":[89],"ideas":[91],"traditional":[93],"e-cash":[94,112,191],"schemes.":[95],"We":[96,119,134],"propose":[97],"new":[99],"style":[100,124],"building":[102,126],"combines":[106],"transaction":[108],"processing":[109],"with":[113],"account-based":[115],"fund":[116],"management":[117],"model.":[118],"argue":[120],"such":[122,139],"especially":[130],"well-suited":[131],"CBDCs.":[133],"also":[135],"design":[136],"first":[138],"currency":[141],"system,":[142],"called":[143],"Platypus,":[144],"strong":[147],"privacy,":[148],"high":[149],"scalability,":[150],"expressive":[152],"but":[153],"simple":[154],"regulation,":[155],"which":[156],"are":[157],"all":[158],"critical":[159],"features":[160],"CBDC.":[163],"Platypus":[164],"achieves":[165],"these":[166],"properties":[167],"by":[168],"adapting":[169],"techniques":[170],"similar":[171],"those":[173],"used":[174],"anonymous":[176],"cryptocurrencies":[178],"like":[179],"Zcash":[180],"fit":[182],"our":[183],"account":[184],"applying":[187],"them":[188],"context.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-23T07:41:27.035349","created_date":"2022-11-13T00:00:00"}