{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308644267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3548606.3559375","title":"GearBox","display_name":"GearBox","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308644267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3548606.3559375"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3548606.3559375","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3548606.3559375","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608815","display_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pure.itu.dk/portal/da/publications/28d7dc7f-05e9-463b-8bc5-57a03ede65f8","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060580234","display_name":"Bernardo David","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1872-7799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83467386","display_name":"IT University of Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/02309jg23","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83467386"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernardo David","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITU, Copenhagen, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITU, Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83467386"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067359936","display_name":"Bernardo Magri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4537-7023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernardo Magri","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033255115","display_name":"Christian Matt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5900-336X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Matt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Concordium, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordium, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067885668","display_name":"Jesper Buus Nielsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7074-0683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jesper Buus Nielsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Concordium Blockchain Research Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordium Blockchain Research Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019867191","display_name":"Daniel Tschudi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6188-1049"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Tschudi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Concordium, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordium, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.5854,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98701299,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"683","last_page":"696"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10800","display_name":"Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis","score":0.9509999752044678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10800","display_name":"Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis","score":0.9509999752044678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9199000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4763398766517639}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4763398766517639}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3548606.3559375","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3548606.3559375","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608815","display_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/28d7dc7f-05e9-463b-8bc5-57a03ede65f8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.itu.dk/portal/da/publications/28d7dc7f-05e9-463b-8bc5-57a03ede65f8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196680","display_name":"IT University Of Copenhagen (IT University of Copenhagen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I83467386","host_organization_name":"IT University of Copenhagen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83467386"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"David, B, Magri, B, Matt, C, Nielsen, J B & Tschudi, D 2022, GearBox: Optimal-size Shard Committees by Leveraging the Safety-Liveness Dichotomy. in CCS '22: Proceedings of the 2022 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. https://doi.org/10.1145/3548606.3559375","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/f749a8b5-8786-48fe-91fe-12045e03cde5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/f749a8b5-8786-48fe-91fe-12045e03cde5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/92e6de2d-cac1-4225-9f26-3550332c05ad","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/92e6de2d-cac1-4225-9f26-3550332c05ad","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"David, B, Magri, B, Matt, C, Nielsen, J B & Tschudi, D 2022, GearBox : Optimal-size Shard Committees by Leveraging the Safety-Liveness Dichotomy. in CCS'22 - Proceedings of the 2022 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, pp. 683-696, 28th ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, CCS 2022, Los Angeles, United States, 07/11/2022. https://doi.org/10.1145/3548606.3559375","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/f749a8b5-8786-48fe-91fe-12045e03cde5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85143071379&partnerID=8YFLogxK","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/28d7dc7f-05e9-463b-8bc5-57a03ede65f8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.itu.dk/portal/da/publications/28d7dc7f-05e9-463b-8bc5-57a03ede65f8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196680","display_name":"IT University Of Copenhagen (IT University of Copenhagen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I83467386","host_organization_name":"IT University of Copenhagen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83467386"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"David, B, Magri, B, Matt, C, Nielsen, J B & Tschudi, D 2022, GearBox: Optimal-size Shard Committees by Leveraging the Safety-Liveness Dichotomy. in CCS '22: Proceedings of the 2022 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. https://doi.org/10.1145/3548606.3559375","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2468265085","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"9040-00399B,9131-00075B,0165-00079B,8021-00366B","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322928","funder_display_name":"Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3694042292","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CF18-112","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321504","funder_display_name":"Carlsbergfondet"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309928","display_name":"Aarhus Universitet","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321504","display_name":"Carlsbergfondet","ror":"https://ror.org/01kpjmx04"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322928","display_name":"Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond","ror":"https://ror.org/02sptwz63"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95608104","https://openalex.org/W165274269","https://openalex.org/W851575271","https://openalex.org/W2126087831","https://openalex.org/W2154554454","https://openalex.org/W2535104337","https://openalex.org/W2571698069","https://openalex.org/W2604903677","https://openalex.org/W2605103916","https://openalex.org/W2739845435","https://openalex.org/W2763398287","https://openalex.org/W2774909858","https://openalex.org/W2794533297","https://openalex.org/W2795222609","https://openalex.org/W2897676665","https://openalex.org/W2914554654","https://openalex.org/W2964159515","https://openalex.org/W2979777917","https://openalex.org/W2982212956","https://openalex.org/W2982365671","https://openalex.org/W2986418087","https://openalex.org/W3015450389","https://openalex.org/W3037463635","https://openalex.org/W3083102802","https://openalex.org/W3097132213","https://openalex.org/W3202990235","https://openalex.org/W4214611229","https://openalex.org/W4246092823"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sharding":[0],"is":[1,36,84],"an":[2],"emerging":[3],"technique":[4],"to":[5,22,24,37],"overcome":[6],"scalability":[7],"issues":[8],"on":[9],"blockchain":[10],"based":[11],"public":[12],"ledgers.":[13],"Without":[14],"sharding,":[15],"every":[16],"node":[17],"in":[18,87],"the":[19,39,42,57,65,73,75,77,88],"network":[20],"has":[21],"listen":[23],"and":[25],"process":[26],"all":[27],"ledger":[28,40,66],"protocol":[29],"messages.":[30],"The":[31,71],"basic":[32],"idea":[33],"of":[34,53,56,64],"sharding":[35],"parallelize":[38],"protocol:":[41],"nodes":[43],"are":[44],"divided":[45],"into":[46],"smaller":[47,72],"subsets":[48],"that":[49],"each":[50],"take":[51],"care":[52],"a":[54],"fraction":[55],"original":[58],"load":[59],"by":[60,80],"executing":[61],"lighter":[62],"instances":[63],"protocol,":[67],"also":[68],"called":[69],"shards.":[70],"shards,":[74],"higher":[76],"efficiency,":[78],"as":[79],"increasing":[81],"parallelism":[82],"there":[83],"less":[85],"overhead":[86],"shard":[89],"consensus.":[90]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2022-11-13T00:00:00"}