{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285811653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3546933","title":"The Challenges of IoT, TLS, and Random Number Generators in the Real World","display_name":"The Challenges of IoT, TLS, and Random Number Generators in the Real World","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285811653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3546933"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3546933","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3546933","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3546933","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45584542","display_name":"Queue","issn_l":"1542-7730","issn":["1542-7730","1542-7749"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Queue","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3546933","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040963030","display_name":"James P. Hughes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5034-3157"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James P. Hughes","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055867345","display_name":"Whitfield Diffie","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Whitfield Diffie","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9185,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78342281,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"3","first_page":"18","last_page":"40"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7218540906906128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6696296334266663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.6489190459251404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.6190712451934814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5202742218971252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-protocol","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","score":0.5169060230255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.5132896304130554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dialog-box","display_name":"Dialog box","score":0.4655061364173889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fragility","display_name":"Fragility","score":0.41580551862716675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3459929823875427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.10354402661323547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.10209232568740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.0680508017539978}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7218540906906128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6696296334266663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.6489190459251404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.6190712451934814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5202742218971252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.5169060230255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5132896304130554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173853756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q86915","display_name":"Dialog box","level":2,"score":0.4655061364173889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80191262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5477668","display_name":"Fragility","level":2,"score":0.41580551862716675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3459929823875427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.10354402661323547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.10209232568740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0680508017539978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3546933","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3546933","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3546933","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45584542","display_name":"Queue","issn_l":"1542-7730","issn":["1542-7730","1542-7749"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Queue","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3546933","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3546933","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3546933","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45584542","display_name":"Queue","issn_l":"1542-7730","issn":["1542-7730","1542-7749"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Queue","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285811653.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285811653.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994386233","https://openalex.org/W2060487051","https://openalex.org/W2134101189","https://openalex.org/W2135654420","https://openalex.org/W2156186849","https://openalex.org/W2488274487","https://openalex.org/W2554129713","https://openalex.org/W2911646439","https://openalex.org/W2979371882","https://openalex.org/W2983995785","https://openalex.org/W3008336598","https://openalex.org/W6689063099","https://openalex.org/W6689691144"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2159180878","https://openalex.org/W2289378658","https://openalex.org/W1531360494","https://openalex.org/W2093529019","https://openalex.org/W1982325601","https://openalex.org/W2282990539","https://openalex.org/W4240432851","https://openalex.org/W154233216","https://openalex.org/W2626486901","https://openalex.org/W1988007309"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0,13],"in":[1,10],"the":[2,7,18,21,36,43,56,79,84],"cryptographic":[3],"community":[4],"scoff":[5],"at":[6],"mistakes":[8],"made":[9],"implementing":[11],"RNGs.":[12],"cryptographers":[14],"and":[15,40,46],"members":[16],"of":[17,31,42,52,81,86],"IETF":[19],"resist":[20],"call":[22],"to":[23,28,54,62,67,71],"make":[24,72],"TLS":[25,44,73,82],"more":[26,74],"resilient":[27,75],"this":[29],"class":[30],"failures.":[32],"This":[33],"article":[34],"discusses":[35],"history,":[37],"current":[38],"state,":[39],"fragility":[41],"protocol,":[45],"it":[47],"closes":[48],"with":[49],"an":[50],"example":[51],"how":[53],"improve":[55],"protocol.":[57],"The":[58],"goal":[59],"is":[60,90],"not":[61],"suggest":[63],"a":[64,69],"solution":[65],"but":[66],"start":[68],"dialog":[70],"by":[76],"proving":[77],"that":[78],"security":[80],"without":[83],"assumption":[85],"perfect":[87],"random":[88],"numbers":[89],"possible.":[91]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}