{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4297669561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3546790.3546820","title":"Sparse Vector Binding on Spiking Neuromorphic Hardware Using Synaptic Delays","display_name":"Sparse Vector Binding on Spiking Neuromorphic Hardware Using Synaptic Delays","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4297669561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3546790.3546820"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3546790.3546820","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3546790.3546820","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3546790.3546820","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Neuromorphic Systems 2022","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3546790.3546820","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026640054","display_name":"Alpha Renner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0724-4169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12708293","display_name":"SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics","ror":"https://ror.org/002n09z45","country_code":"CH","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12708293"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alpha Renner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12708293","https://openalex.org/I202697423","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000514685","display_name":"Yulia Sandamirskaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4684-202X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulia Sandamirskaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Neuromorphic Computing Lab, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Neuromorphic Computing Lab, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085896415","display_name":"Friedrich T. Sommer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6738-9263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Friedrich Sommer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Neuromorphic Computing Lab, USA and UC Berkeley, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Neuromorphic Computing Lab, USA and UC Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013958028","display_name":"E. Paxon Frady","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8248-4544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Paxon Frady","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Neuromorphic Computing Lab, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Neuromorphic Computing Lab, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9233,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73307371,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-engineering","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","score":0.9454852938652039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6892786622047424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-network","display_name":"Spiking neural network","score":0.6222847104072571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connectionism","display_name":"Connectionism","score":0.5446741580963135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reservoir-computing","display_name":"Reservoir computing","score":0.517797589302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content-addressable-memory","display_name":"Content-addressable memory","score":0.5021638870239258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4197002053260803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.370890736579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.33830106258392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3326200544834137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.31912949681282043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.2960580587387085}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151927369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","level":3,"score":0.9454852938652039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6892786622047424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.6222847104072571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8521452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203790","display_name":"Connectionism","level":3,"score":0.5446741580963135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135796866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315328","display_name":"Reservoir computing","level":4,"score":0.517797589302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53442348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745101","display_name":"Content-addressable memory","level":3,"score":0.5021638870239258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4197002053260803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.370890736579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.33830106258392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3326200544834137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31912949681282043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.2960580587387085}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3546790.3546820","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3546790.3546820","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3546790.3546820","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Neuromorphic Systems 2022","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.5167/uzh-219676","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3546790.3546820","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3546790.3546820","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3546790.3546820","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Neuromorphic Systems 2022","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5908417377","display_name":"Embodied Long-Term Memory for Cognitive Neuromorphic Agents","funder_award_id":"168183","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5923803887","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PZOOP2 168183 ELMA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307894","display_name":"Accenture","ror":"https://ror.org/013g16z83"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/00yjd3n13"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4297669561.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4297669561.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486990335","https://openalex.org/W1488378957","https://openalex.org/W1980226967","https://openalex.org/W2013494846","https://openalex.org/W2016708835","https://openalex.org/W2070862086","https://openalex.org/W2084954202","https://openalex.org/W2103331118","https://openalex.org/W2106963348","https://openalex.org/W2188816045","https://openalex.org/W2416573875","https://openalex.org/W2575148670","https://openalex.org/W2736973865","https://openalex.org/W2783525259","https://openalex.org/W2969945374","https://openalex.org/W3099406461","https://openalex.org/W3133213258","https://openalex.org/W4301319368"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4311297078","https://openalex.org/W2969267557","https://openalex.org/W4288255232","https://openalex.org/W3089892344","https://openalex.org/W2126679727","https://openalex.org/W4313442939","https://openalex.org/W4386227293","https://openalex.org/W4372267706","https://openalex.org/W4312992603","https://openalex.org/W4322772143"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vector":[0],"Symbolic":[1],"Architectures":[2],"(VSA)":[3],"were":[4],"first":[5,108],"proposed":[6,175],"as":[7,33,52,98,145,181],"connectionist":[8],"models":[9],"for":[10,185],"symbolic":[11],"reasoning,":[12],"leveraging":[13],"parallel":[14],"and":[15,20,133,165],"in-memory":[16],"computing":[17],"in":[18,31,35,67,76,99],"brains":[19],"neuromorphic":[21,42,116,120,189],"hardware":[22,43],"that":[23,149],"enable":[24],"low-power,":[25],"low-latency":[26],"applications.":[27],"Symbols":[28],"are":[29,49,136],"defined":[30],"VSAs":[32,100],"points/vectors":[34],"a":[36,111,130,160,182],"high-dimensional":[37],"neural":[38],"state-space.":[39],"For":[40],"spiking":[41,115],"(and":[44],"brains),":[45],"particularly":[46],"sparse":[47,61,83,112,171],"representations":[48,62,84],"of":[50,57,81,96,110,128,147,159,169],"interest,":[51],"they":[53],"minimize":[54],"the":[55,79,107,126,156,167],"number":[56],"costly":[58],"spikes.":[59],"Furthermore,":[60],"can":[63,154,178],"be":[64,179],"efficiently":[65],"stored":[66],"simple":[68],"Hebbian":[69],"auto-associative":[70],"memories,":[71],"which":[72],"provide":[73],"error":[74],"correction":[75],"VSAs.":[77],"However,":[78],"binding":[80,157,172,176],"spatially":[82],"is":[85,90],"computationally":[86],"expensive":[87],"because":[88],"it":[89],"not":[91],"local":[92],"to":[93],"corresponding":[94],"pairs":[95],"neurons":[97],"with":[101,141],"dense":[102],"vectors.":[103],"Here,":[104],"we":[105],"present":[106],"implementation":[109],"VSA":[113],"on":[114,152,188],"hardware,":[117],"specifically":[118],"Intel\u2019s":[119],"research":[121],"chip":[122],"Loihi.":[123],"To":[124],"reduce":[125],"cost":[127,168],"binding,":[129],"delay":[131],"line":[132],"coincidence":[134],"detection":[135],"used,":[137],"trading":[138],"off":[139],"space":[140],"time.":[142],"We":[143],"show":[144],"proof":[146],"principle":[148],"our":[150],"network":[151],"Loihi":[153],"perform":[155],"operation":[158],"classical":[161],"analogical":[162],"reasoning":[163],"task":[164],"discuss":[166],"different":[170],"operations.":[173],"The":[174],"mechanism":[177],"used":[180],"building":[183],"block":[184],"VSA-based":[186],"architectures":[187],"hardware.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
