{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4296784657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3546727","title":"The Cost of Knowing: How Obstacle Alerts Reduce Walking Speeds of Augmented White Cane Users","display_name":"The Cost of Knowing: How Obstacle Alerts Reduce Walking Speeds of Augmented White Cane Users","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4296784657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3546727"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3546727","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3546727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/497212137/The_Cost_of_Knowing_How_Obstacle_Alerts_Reduce_Walking_Speeds_of_Augmented_White_Cane_Users.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102939063","display_name":"Milo Marsfeldt Skovfoged","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5488-919X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Milo M. Skovfoged","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086876761","display_name":"Alexander Schiller Rasmussen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4317-2625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander S. Rasmussen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076058604","display_name":"David Kirsh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6242-5851"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Kirsh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078443928","display_name":"Hendrik Knoche","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3950-8453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hendrik Knoche","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102939063"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9424,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72459447,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"MHCI","first_page":"1","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14056","display_name":"Safety Warnings and Signage","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cane","display_name":"Cane","score":0.9056169986724854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstacle","display_name":"Obstacle","score":0.6968491077423096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-spaces","display_name":"White spaces","score":0.5989063382148743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white","display_name":"White (mutation)","score":0.5440153479576111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5338699817657471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slowdown","display_name":"Slowdown","score":0.4648783206939697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.433987557888031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.4289707541465759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3272829055786133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.32072699069976807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23676204681396484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2201627790927887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.20715928077697754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.10982847213745117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.08543986082077026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.07777762413024902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.07181701064109802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"Economic growth","score":0.07173684239387512}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776821462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q406090","display_name":"Cane","level":3,"score":0.9056169986724854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776650193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264661","display_name":"Obstacle","level":2,"score":0.6968491077423096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96391052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256313","display_name":"White spaces","level":4,"score":0.5989063382148743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56273599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3122841","display_name":"White (mutation)","level":3,"score":0.5440153479576111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5338699817657471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777242750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31351","display_name":"Slowdown","level":2,"score":0.4648783206939697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.433987557888031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4289707541465759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3272829055786133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.32072699069976807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23676204681396484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2201627790927887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.20715928077697754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.10982847213745117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.08543986082077026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.07777762413024902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.07181701064109802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.07173684239387512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777108408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11002","display_name":"Sugar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3546727","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3546727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/5c3c1a18-43f8-49db-9f90-58896df0dcc8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/5c3c1a18-43f8-49db-9f90-58896df0dcc8","pdf_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/497212137/The_Cost_of_Knowing_How_Obstacle_Alerts_Reduce_Walking_Speeds_of_Augmented_White_Cane_Users.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Skovfoged, M M, Schiller Rasmussen, A, Kirsh, D & Knoche, H 2022, 'The cost of knowing : How obstacle alerts reduce walking speeds of augmented white cane users', Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, vol. 6, no. MHCI, 192. https://doi.org/10.1145/3546727","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/5c3c1a18-43f8-49db-9f90-58896df0dcc8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85139834033&partnerID=8YFLogxK","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Skovfoged , M M , Schiller Rasmussen , A , Kirsh , D & Knoche , H 2022 , ' The cost of knowing : How obstacle alerts reduce walking speeds of augmented white cane users ' , Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction , vol. 6 , no. MHCI , 192 . https://doi.org/10.1145/3546727","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/5c3c1a18-43f8-49db-9f90-58896df0dcc8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/5c3c1a18-43f8-49db-9f90-58896df0dcc8","pdf_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/497212137/The_Cost_of_Knowing_How_Obstacle_Alerts_Reduce_Walking_Speeds_of_Augmented_White_Cane_Users.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Skovfoged, M M, Schiller Rasmussen, A, Kirsh, D & Knoche, H 2022, 'The cost of knowing : How obstacle alerts reduce walking speeds of augmented white cane users', Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, vol. 6, no. MHCI, 192. https://doi.org/10.1145/3546727","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296784657.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296784657.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W27001224","https://openalex.org/W84861968","https://openalex.org/W302729434","https://openalex.org/W1253821352","https://openalex.org/W1481095406","https://openalex.org/W1524577329","https://openalex.org/W1534063364","https://openalex.org/W1951724000","https://openalex.org/W1965658357","https://openalex.org/W1981372451","https://openalex.org/W2014448832","https://openalex.org/W2019655958","https://openalex.org/W2028187955","https://openalex.org/W2058544518","https://openalex.org/W2058715622","https://openalex.org/W2086206821","https://openalex.org/W2088649347","https://openalex.org/W2091236824","https://openalex.org/W2096941279","https://openalex.org/W2112262347","https://openalex.org/W2147305610","https://openalex.org/W2148764920","https://openalex.org/W2163171276","https://openalex.org/W2169319989","https://openalex.org/W2193412255","https://openalex.org/W2294575731","https://openalex.org/W2327077270","https://openalex.org/W2337293868","https://openalex.org/W2601061186","https://openalex.org/W2741346289","https://openalex.org/W2748108117","https://openalex.org/W2792444113","https://openalex.org/W2890337410","https://openalex.org/W2904435928","https://openalex.org/W2909012991","https://openalex.org/W2955776395","https://openalex.org/W2977650034","https://openalex.org/W3005685928","https://openalex.org/W4297156849","https://openalex.org/W4298259336","https://openalex.org/W4322574961"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984454875","https://openalex.org/W1990962387","https://openalex.org/W2568996610","https://openalex.org/W2763365653","https://openalex.org/W1975040580","https://openalex.org/W3125019416","https://openalex.org/W3098622292","https://openalex.org/W2100376361","https://openalex.org/W883387010","https://openalex.org/W1812700228"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"ensure":[1],"safe":[2],"passage":[3],"blind":[4],"travellers":[5],"utilize":[6],"mobility":[7],"aids":[8],"such":[9],"as":[10,127],"the":[11,16,45,48,63,81,99,102,138],"white":[12,24,56,82],"cane":[13,57,83],"to":[14,32,55,84,97,124],"preview":[15,30,88],"space":[17],"their":[18,67,115],"body":[19],"will":[20],"move":[21],"through.":[22],"Augmented":[23],"canes":[25],"(AWC)":[26],"have":[27],"increased":[28],"this":[29],"range":[31],"reduce":[33,131],"collisions,":[34],"but":[35],"consequently":[36],"incurred":[37],"lower":[38],"walking":[39],"speeds.":[40],"The":[41,104],"literature":[42],"has":[43],"blamed":[44],"slowdown":[46,65],"on":[47],"AWC":[49,87,109],"provided":[50],"alerts":[51,113],"that":[52],"are":[53],"additional":[54,110],"feedback,":[58],"unnecessary,":[59],"too":[60],"complex,":[61],"and":[62,76,111,114,120],"anticipatory":[64],"of":[66,101],"users.":[68],"Two":[69],"within-subject":[70],"studies":[71],"with":[72,94,137],"six":[73],"visually":[74],"impaired":[75],"ten":[77],"blindfolded":[78],"people":[79],"compared":[80],"two":[85,95],"different":[86],"types":[89],"(See":[90],"Figure":[91],"1)":[92],"combined":[93],"ranges":[96],"investigate":[98],"causes":[100],"slowdowns.":[103],"cognitive":[105],"cost":[106],"from":[107],"processing":[108],"unnecessary":[112],"complexity":[116],"slowed":[117],"users":[118],"down":[119],"should":[121],"be":[122],"kept":[123],"a":[125],"minimum":[126],"they":[128],"neither":[129],"helped":[130],"collisions":[132],"nor":[133],"physically":[134],"detecting":[135],"obstacles":[136],"cane.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}