{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4323526573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3545947.3576308","title":"Is Elementary AI Education Possible?","display_name":"Is Elementary AI Education Possible?","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4323526573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3545947.3576308"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3545947.3576308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3545947.3576308","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3545947.3576308","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 54th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education V. 2","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3545947.3576308","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061949003","display_name":"Anne Ottenbreit\u2010Leftwich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4055-314X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anne Ottenbreit-Leftwich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4055-314X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053439159","display_name":"Krista Glazewski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3412-4218"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krista Glazewski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3412-4218","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067949412","display_name":"Cindy E. Hmelo\u2010Silver","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2275-5212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cindy Hmelo-Silver","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2275-5212","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013299958","display_name":"Katie Jantaraweragul","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katie Jantaraweragul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5588-6107","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069886170","display_name":"Minji Jeon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0301-2221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minji Jeon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0301-2221","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008093342","display_name":"Srijita Chakraburty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8890-2719"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srijita Chakraburty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8890-2719","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083159247","display_name":"Adam Scribner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0217-2485"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Scribner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0217-2485","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043698684","display_name":"Seung Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7782-2331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7782-2331","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089705996","display_name":"Bradford Mott","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3303-4699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bradford Mott","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3303-4699","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074470380","display_name":"James C. Lester","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1481-6601"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Lester","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1481-6601","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1732,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49814366,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1364","last_page":"1364"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13937","display_name":"Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research","score":0.9595000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13937","display_name":"Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research","score":0.9595000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9448999762535095,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curriculum","display_name":"Curriculum","score":0.7505236864089966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6464990377426147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.5863736867904663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5717329382896423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.5615661144256592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-environment","display_name":"Learning environment","score":0.4343385100364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42618608474731445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogy","display_name":"Pedagogy","score":0.26084721088409424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.23741808533668518}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.7505236864089966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6464990377426147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5863736867904663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5717329382896423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5615661144256592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778365744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2426689","display_name":"Learning environment","level":2,"score":0.4343385100364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42618608474731445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.26084721088409424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.23741808533668518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3545947.3576308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3545947.3576308","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3545947.3576308","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 54th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education V. 2","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3545947.3576308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3545947.3576308","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3545947.3576308","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 54th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education V. 2","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2723509322","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DRL-1934153","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3039810601","display_name":"Collaborative Research: PrimaryAI: Integrating Artificial Intelligence into Upper Elementary Science with Immersive Problem-Based Learning","funder_award_id":"1934128","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G511258074","display_name":"Collaborative Research: PrimaryAI: Integrating Artificial Intelligence into Upper Elementary Science with Immersive Problem-Based Learning","funder_award_id":"1934153","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4323526573.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4323526573.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2348562106","https://openalex.org/W2370820329","https://openalex.org/W2370554813","https://openalex.org/W4362576712","https://openalex.org/W2387560707","https://openalex.org/W2363525455","https://openalex.org/W4312355418","https://openalex.org/W2314810092","https://openalex.org/W2384329035","https://openalex.org/W2373380871"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"artificial":[1],"intelligence":[2],"(AI)":[3],"technology":[4],"becomes":[5],"increasingly":[6],"pervasive,":[7],"it":[8,17],"is":[9,22],"critical":[10],"that":[11,49,64],"students":[12,30,91,118],"recognize":[13],"AI":[14,47,70,73,96,141],"and":[15,31,52,72,102,119,142,153],"how":[16],"can":[18],"be":[19],"used.":[20],"There":[21],"little":[23],"research":[24],"exploring":[25],"learning":[26,54,101,151],"capabilities":[27],"of":[28],"elementary":[29,82],"the":[32,115,127,140,148],"pedagogical":[33],"supports":[34],"necessary":[35],"to":[36,94,99,125,147,156],"facilitate":[37],"students'":[38],"learning.":[39],"PrimaryAI":[40],"was":[41,77],"created":[42],"as":[43],"a":[44],"3rd-5th":[45],"grade":[46],"curriculum":[48,76,116],"utilizes":[50],"problem-based":[51,150],"immersive":[53,149],"within":[55],"an":[56],"authentic":[57],"life":[58,143],"science":[59,144],"context":[60],"through":[61],"four":[62],"units":[63],"cover":[65],"machine":[66,100],"learning,":[67],"computer":[68,103],"vision,":[69],"planning,":[71],"ethics.":[74],"The":[75],"implemented":[78],"by":[79],"two":[80],"upper":[81],"teachers":[83,121],"during":[84],"Spring":[85],"2022.":[86],"Based":[87],"on":[88,111],"pre-test/post-test":[89],"results,":[90],"were":[92],"able":[93],"conceptualize":[95],"concepts":[97],"related":[98],"vision.":[104],"Results":[105],"showed":[106],"no":[107],"significant":[108],"differences":[109],"based":[110],"gender.":[112],"Teachers":[113],"indicated":[114],"engaged":[117],"provided":[120],"with":[122],"sufficient":[123],"scaffolding":[124],"teach":[126],"content":[128],"in":[129],"their":[130],"classrooms.":[131],"Recommendations":[132],"for":[133],"future":[134],"implementations":[135],"include":[136],"greater":[137],"alignment":[138],"between":[139],"concepts,":[145],"alterations":[146],"environment,":[152],"enhanced":[154],"connections":[155],"local":[157],"animal":[158],"populations.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
