{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4323036626","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3545945.3569880","title":"Understanding and Measuring Incremental Development in CS1","display_name":"Understanding and Measuring Incremental Development in CS1","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4323036626","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3545945.3569880"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3545945.3569880","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3545945.3569880","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3545945.3569880","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 54th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education V. 1","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3545945.3569880","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110949634","display_name":"Anshul Shah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anshul Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041800743","display_name":"Michael Granado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7967-7780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Granado","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058995234","display_name":"Mrinal Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0510-0137"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mrinal Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027691464","display_name":"John Driscoll","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3594-6467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Driscoll","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002187823","display_name":"Leo Porter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1435-8401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leo Porter","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066759270","display_name":"William G. Griswold","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0663-6977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William G. Griswold","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016629484","display_name":"Adalbert Gerald Soosai Raj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6848-2208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adalbert Gerald Soosai Raj","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110949634"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4952,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9103405,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"722","last_page":"728"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7881953120231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snippet","display_name":"Snippet","score":0.7064424753189087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.668180525302887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.5397911667823792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5049744248390198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.49872469902038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4844975173473358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.47904860973358154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-and-incremental-development","display_name":"Iterative and incremental development","score":0.4674580693244934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.43427079916000366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-intervention","display_name":"Psychological intervention","score":0.4190135598182678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3413181006908417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3348863422870636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.20840775966644287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.09944123029708862}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7881953120231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777822670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120538","display_name":"Snippet","level":2,"score":0.7064424753189087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.668180525302887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.5397911667823792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5049744248390198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.49872469902038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4844975173473358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.47904860973358154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143587482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1543216","display_name":"Iterative and incremental development","level":2,"score":0.4674580693244934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.43427079916000366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.4190135598182678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3413181006908417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3348863422870636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.20840775966644287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.09944123029708862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3545945.3569880","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3545945.3569880","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3545945.3569880","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 54th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education V. 1","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3545945.3569880","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3545945.3569880","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3545945.3569880","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 54th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education V. 1","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1119134783","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2044473","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4323036626.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4323036626.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1615097079","https://openalex.org/W1689913591","https://openalex.org/W1967123640","https://openalex.org/W2023735971","https://openalex.org/W2036955327","https://openalex.org/W2044490101","https://openalex.org/W2082678800","https://openalex.org/W2104916970","https://openalex.org/W2131399871","https://openalex.org/W2138432297","https://openalex.org/W2469269292","https://openalex.org/W2732853452","https://openalex.org/W2748218905","https://openalex.org/W2789416185","https://openalex.org/W2915313724","https://openalex.org/W3023637632","https://openalex.org/W4233043065","https://openalex.org/W4281753263","https://openalex.org/W4294214983"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1607713096","https://openalex.org/W3036724449","https://openalex.org/W2798329462","https://openalex.org/W1511521437","https://openalex.org/W3201315194","https://openalex.org/W4318980730","https://openalex.org/W4289376745","https://openalex.org/W3118479201","https://openalex.org/W4288402237","https://openalex.org/W2931495284"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Incremental":[0,156],"development":[1,28,124,167,177,219],"is":[2,29],"the":[3,24,41,62,108,138,153],"process":[4,110],"of":[5,10,26,64,121,155,186,193,201],"writing":[6],"a":[7,90,119,149,163,169,191],"small":[8],"snippet":[9],"code":[11,129,187],"and":[12,47,213],"testing":[13],"it":[14],"before":[15],"moving":[16],"on.":[17],"For":[18],"students":[19],"in":[20,107,142],"introductory":[21],"programming":[22,70,109,170],"courses,":[23],"value":[25],"incremental":[27,74,94,114,166],"especially":[30],"higher":[31],"as":[32,73,180],"they":[33],"may":[34,48],"suffer":[35],"from":[36],"more":[37,50],"syntax":[38],"errors,":[39],"lack":[40],"proficiency":[42],"to":[43,52,56,60,68,78,81,92,113,135,159,188],"address":[44],"complicated":[45],"bugs,":[46],"be":[49],"prone":[51],"frustration":[53],"when":[54],"struggling":[55],"correct":[57],"code.":[58],"However,":[59],"evaluate":[61],"effectiveness":[63],"interventions":[65,214],"that":[66,111],"aim":[67],"teach":[69],"processes":[71],"such":[72,83,179],"development,":[75],"we":[76,88,103,147],"need":[77],"develop":[79],"measures":[80],"assess":[82,190],"processes.":[84],"In":[85],"this":[86],"paper,":[87],"present":[89],"way":[91],"measure":[93],"development.":[95,115],"By":[96],"qualitatively":[97],"analyzing":[98],"15":[99],"student":[100,164],"coding":[101],"interviews,":[102],"identified":[104,141],"common":[105,139,175],"behaviors":[106,140],"relate":[112],"We":[116],"then":[117],"leveraged":[118],"dataset":[120],"over":[122,204],"1000":[123],"sessions":[125],"--":[126,134],"about":[127],"52,000":[128],"snapshots":[130],"at":[131],"compilation":[132],"time":[133],"automatically":[136,189],"detect":[137],"our":[143],"qualitative":[144],"analysis.":[145],"Finally,":[146],"crafted":[148],"formal":[150],"metric,":[151],"called":[152],"\"Measure":[154],"Development''":[157],"(MID),":[158],"quantify":[160],"how":[161],"effectively":[162],"used":[165],"during":[168],"session.":[171],"The":[172,195],"MID":[173,196],"detects":[174],"non-incremental":[176],"patterns":[178],"excessive":[181],"debugging":[182],"after":[183],"large":[184],"additions":[185],"sequence":[192],"snapshots.":[194],"aligns":[197],"with":[198,203],"human":[199],"evaluations":[200],"incrementality":[202],"80%":[205],"accuracy.":[206],"Our":[207],"metric":[208],"enables":[209],"new":[210],"research":[211],"directions":[212],"focused":[215],"on":[216],"improving":[217],"students'":[218],"practices.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}