{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283323653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544790","title":"Toward More Efficient Statistical Debugging with Abstraction Refinement","display_name":"Toward More Efficient Statistical Debugging with Abstraction Refinement","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283323653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544790"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3544790","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067825173","display_name":"Zhiqiang Zuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7104-9918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqiang Zuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology at Nanjing University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7104-9918","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology at Nanjing University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031025947","display_name":"Xintao Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5786-0894"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xintao Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology at Nanjing University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5786-0894","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology at Nanjing University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Siyi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7441-3700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siyi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology at Nanjing University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7441-3700","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology at Nanjing University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101664961","display_name":"Lu Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1451-354X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Irvine, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1451-354X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087555827","display_name":"Siau Cheng Khoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8502-1892"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siau Cheng Khoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8502-1892","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061448314","display_name":"Shan Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0757-4600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shan Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0757-4600","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101708632","display_name":"C. P. Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0862-2491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengnian Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0862-2491","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101967307","display_name":"Guoqing Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4737-2146"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799798094","display_name":"UCLA Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01d88se56","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799798094"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoqing Harry Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["UCLA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4737-2146","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UCLA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799798094"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067825173"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5525,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65678097,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"38"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.9670263528823853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8658777475357056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-program-debugging","display_name":"Algorithmic program debugging","score":0.7378670573234558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstraction","display_name":"Abstraction","score":0.5846783518791199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5806862115859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pruning","display_name":"Pruning","score":0.539397656917572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.4458848237991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.35635000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.18741732835769653}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.9670263528823853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8658777475357056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136388014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084976","display_name":"Algorithmic program debugging","level":3,"score":0.7378670573234558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.5846783518791199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5806862115859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108010975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500094","display_name":"Pruning","level":2,"score":0.539397656917572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.4458848237991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.35635000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.18741732835769653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3544790","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G161977233","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20191247","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4298269434","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1613023, CNS-1703598, CNS-1763172, CNS-2006437, CNS-2007737, CNS-2106838","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8304376714","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62032010, 62102176","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8900757718","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-16-1-2913, N00014-18-1-2037","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1598018711","https://openalex.org/W1950030762","https://openalex.org/W1971137495","https://openalex.org/W1985947101","https://openalex.org/W1990785546","https://openalex.org/W2010833880","https://openalex.org/W2013655083","https://openalex.org/W2018430492","https://openalex.org/W2062154010","https://openalex.org/W2077324087","https://openalex.org/W2092742242","https://openalex.org/W2095709152","https://openalex.org/W2115839009","https://openalex.org/W2120521864","https://openalex.org/W2124068357","https://openalex.org/W2141109493","https://openalex.org/W2151139698","https://openalex.org/W2154021761","https://openalex.org/W2156296121","https://openalex.org/W2156357889","https://openalex.org/W2156723666","https://openalex.org/W2159949130","https://openalex.org/W2165663378","https://openalex.org/W2170224888","https://openalex.org/W2343875716","https://openalex.org/W2467903332","https://openalex.org/W2515360277","https://openalex.org/W2539286364","https://openalex.org/W2620081107","https://openalex.org/W2962715466","https://openalex.org/W2964112113","https://openalex.org/W2999892205","https://openalex.org/W3149255455","https://openalex.org/W4233319527","https://openalex.org/W4233482358","https://openalex.org/W4233793161","https://openalex.org/W4249440929","https://openalex.org/W4299515571"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2119199043","https://openalex.org/W2396596882","https://openalex.org/W2801084903","https://openalex.org/W2377280071","https://openalex.org/W2060682672","https://openalex.org/W2375626968","https://openalex.org/W2098290990","https://openalex.org/W4242908235","https://openalex.org/W1520271518","https://openalex.org/W2294325978"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Debugging":[0],"is":[1,80,85,121],"known":[2],"to":[3,39,56,105,123,163],"be":[4],"a":[5,73,92,115],"notoriously":[6],"painstaking":[7],"and":[8,32,35,66,87,107,142,170],"time-consuming":[9],"task.":[10],"As":[11],"one":[12],"major":[13,74],"family":[14],"of":[15,48,76,139,151,186],"automated":[16],"debugging,":[17,61],"statistical":[18,37,99,166,172,187],"debugging":[19,127,157,167,188,196],"approaches":[20,51],"have":[21],"been":[22],"well":[23],"investigated":[24],"over":[25],"the":[26,49,53,77,109,125,137,140,149,184,195],"past":[27],"decade,":[28],"which":[29],"collect":[30],"failing":[31],"passing":[33],"executions":[34],"apply":[36,160],"techniques":[38],"identify":[40],"discriminative":[41],"elements":[42],"as":[43,70,129],"potential":[44],"bug":[45],"causes.":[46],"Most":[47],"existing":[50],"instrument":[52,106],"entire":[54],"program":[55,78,83],"produce":[57,124],"execution":[58],"profiles":[59],"for":[60,98],"thus":[62],"incurring":[63],"hefty":[64],"instrumentation":[65,84],"analysis":[67,132],"cost.":[68],"However,":[69],"in":[71,133,189],"fact":[72],"part":[75],"code":[79,110],"error-free,":[81],"full-scale":[82],"wasteful":[86],"unnecessary.":[88],"This":[89],"article":[90],"presents":[91],"systematic":[93],"abstraction":[94],"refinement-based":[95],"pruning":[96],"technique":[97,102,120,146,162,180],"debugging.":[100,173],"Our":[101],"only":[103],"needs":[104],"analyze":[108],"partially.":[111],"While":[112],"guided":[113],"by":[114],"mathematically":[116],"rigorous":[117],"analysis,":[118],"our":[119,145,179],"guaranteed":[122],"same":[126],"results":[128],"an":[130],"exhaustive":[131],"deterministic":[134],"settings.":[135],"With":[136],"help":[138],"effective":[141],"safe":[143],"pruning,":[144],"greatly":[147],"saves":[148],"cost":[150],"failure":[152],"diagnosis":[153],"without":[154,193],"sacrificing":[155],"any":[156],"capability.":[158,197],"We":[159],"this":[161],"two":[164],"different":[165],"scenarios:":[168],"in-house":[169],"production-run":[171],"The":[174],"comprehensive":[175],"evaluations":[176],"validate":[177],"that":[178],"can":[181],"significantly":[182],"improve":[183],"efficiency":[185],"both":[190],"scenarios,":[191],"while":[192],"jeopardizing":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
