{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4318719498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581570","title":"Thought Bubbles: A Proxy into Players\u2019 Mental Model Development","display_name":"Thought Bubbles: A Proxy into Players\u2019 Mental Model Development","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4318719498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581570"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3544548.3581570","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581570","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3544548.3581570","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3544548.3581570","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052861741","display_name":"Omid Mohaddesi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6245-4003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omid Mohaddesi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6245-4003","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084474236","display_name":"Noah Chicoine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0602-1086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noah Chicoine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0602-1086","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014692535","display_name":"Min Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8686-3442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8686-3442","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037568506","display_name":"\u00d6zlem Erg\u00fcn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3420-3338"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ozlem Ergun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Northeastern University, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3420-3338","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Northeastern University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088694364","display_name":"Jacqueline Griffin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7729-1748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacqueline Griffin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7729-1748","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061128237","display_name":"David Kaeli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5692-0151"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Kaeli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5692-0151","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058433199","display_name":"Stacy Marsella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5711-7934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stacy Marsella","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Psychology, Northeastern University, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5711-7934","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Psychology, Northeastern University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054944358","display_name":"Casper Harteveld","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8164-0303"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Casper Harteveld","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Arts, Media and Design, Northeastern University, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8164-0303","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Arts, Media and Design, Northeastern University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5464,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89061716,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10970","display_name":"Team Dynamics and Performance","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10970","display_name":"Team Dynamics and Performance","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12805","display_name":"Cognitive Science and Mapping","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-model","display_name":"Mental model","score":0.6923174262046814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.5853279829025269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.553534984588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affect","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","score":0.5465854406356812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.5377848744392395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4765620529651642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47433561086654663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proxy","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","score":0.4478592872619629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension","display_name":"Comprehension","score":0.43976449966430664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3956455588340759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.2707659602165222}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982912361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1851867","display_name":"Mental model","level":2,"score":0.6923174262046814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5853279829025269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.553534984588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5465854406356812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.5377848744392395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4765620529651642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47433561086654663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780148112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432581","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4478592872619629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.43976449966430664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3956455588340759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.2707659602165222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3544548.3581570","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581570","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3544548.3581570","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2301.13101","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2301.13101","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2301.13101","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3544548.3581570","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581570","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3544548.3581570","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3810583191","display_name":"CRISP Type 1: Multi-agent Modeling Framework for Mitigating Distributed Disruptions in Critical Supply Chains","funder_award_id":"1638302","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4194248306","display_name":"RAPID: Rapid Monitoring and Assessment of Critical Pharmaceutical Supply Chains","funder_award_id":"2028449","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4318719498.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4318719498.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":99,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7619917","https://openalex.org/W43336110","https://openalex.org/W52011957","https://openalex.org/W85667410","https://openalex.org/W179107892","https://openalex.org/W192523564","https://openalex.org/W1428487783","https://openalex.org/W1482050269","https://openalex.org/W1498858197","https://openalex.org/W1525892503","https://openalex.org/W1537766461","https://openalex.org/W1543210409","https://openalex.org/W1576234442","https://openalex.org/W1585584998","https://openalex.org/W1664374833","https://openalex.org/W1794897921","https://openalex.org/W1952008784","https://openalex.org/W1956709589","https://openalex.org/W1969169704","https://openalex.org/W1975879668","https://openalex.org/W1979162287","https://openalex.org/W1981740417","https://openalex.org/W1989086730","https://openalex.org/W2010465419","https://openalex.org/W2015466640","https://openalex.org/W2016540947","https://openalex.org/W2032152873","https://openalex.org/W2050440709","https://openalex.org/W2060889736","https://openalex.org/W2068861063","https://openalex.org/W2075364113","https://openalex.org/W2096950385","https://openalex.org/W2100650984","https://openalex.org/W2110017066","https://openalex.org/W2111118409","https://openalex.org/W2112463456","https://openalex.org/W2121613990","https://openalex.org/W2124670621","https://openalex.org/W2126231009","https://openalex.org/W2142247572","https://openalex.org/W2153224327","https://openalex.org/W2155243913","https://openalex.org/W2159957987","https://openalex.org/W2163739895","https://openalex.org/W2222510647","https://openalex.org/W2249595199","https://openalex.org/W2279224564","https://openalex.org/W2332550897","https://openalex.org/W2476323231","https://openalex.org/W2502334226","https://openalex.org/W2509793137","https://openalex.org/W2515132552","https://openalex.org/W2533738919","https://openalex.org/W2590461577","https://openalex.org/W2591860465","https://openalex.org/W2623178252","https://openalex.org/W2801712957","https://openalex.org/W2803876882","https://openalex.org/W2897071860","https://openalex.org/W2902475196","https://openalex.org/W2913752064","https://openalex.org/W2916904544","https://openalex.org/W2962507378","https://openalex.org/W2963637557","https://openalex.org/W2971732984","https://openalex.org/W2977055143","https://openalex.org/W2983493784","https://openalex.org/W2989847592","https://openalex.org/W2996176059","https://openalex.org/W2998829516","https://openalex.org/W3008041152","https://openalex.org/W3017863658","https://openalex.org/W3022102955","https://openalex.org/W3029411754","https://openalex.org/W3030109276","https://openalex.org/W3031939271","https://openalex.org/W3033410142","https://openalex.org/W3088366746","https://openalex.org/W3111694061","https://openalex.org/W3121726867","https://openalex.org/W3131115182","https://openalex.org/W3135804491","https://openalex.org/W3181328486","https://openalex.org/W3183596083","https://openalex.org/W3197022989","https://openalex.org/W4213102769","https://openalex.org/W4220663359","https://openalex.org/W4223998395","https://openalex.org/W4224297471","https://openalex.org/W4239895564","https://openalex.org/W4244135171","https://openalex.org/W4247203539","https://openalex.org/W4248476894","https://openalex.org/W4252166936","https://openalex.org/W4255002377","https://openalex.org/W4281564584","https://openalex.org/W4299627282","https://openalex.org/W4300653194","https://openalex.org/W4307716805"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2560936962","https://openalex.org/W2788727012","https://openalex.org/W4388203630","https://openalex.org/W2526386912","https://openalex.org/W2410591377","https://openalex.org/W2323113755","https://openalex.org/W2506793457","https://openalex.org/W2359476398","https://openalex.org/W2356645659","https://openalex.org/W2384323761"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Studying":[0],"mental":[1,27,42,50,104,142],"models":[2,28,43,105],"has":[3],"recently":[4],"received":[5],"more":[6],"attention,":[7],"aiming":[8],"to":[9],"understand":[10],"the":[11,24,59,120],"cognitive":[12,127],"aspects":[13,128],"of":[14,26,61,122,129,138],"human-computer":[15],"interaction.":[16],"However,":[17],"there":[18],"is":[19],"not":[20],"enough":[21],"research":[22],"on":[23,81,111],"elicitation":[25],"in":[29,53,64,125],"complex":[30],"dynamic":[31],"systems.":[32],"We":[33,57],"present":[34],"Thought":[35,62],"Bubbles":[36,63],"as":[37,97],"an":[38,45],"approach":[39],"for":[40,47,119],"eliciting":[41],"and":[44,89,91,99,106,136,145],"avenue":[46],"understanding":[48],"players\u2019":[49,103],"model":[51,143],"development":[52,144],"interactive":[54],"virtual":[55],"environments.":[56],"demonstrate":[58],"use":[60,121],"two":[65],"experimental":[66,94],"studies":[67],"involving":[68],"250":[69],"participants":[70],"playing":[71],"a":[72],"supply":[73],"chain":[74],"game.":[75],"In":[76],"our":[77],"analyses,":[78],"we":[79],"rely":[80],"Situation":[82],"Awareness":[83],"(SA)":[84],"levels,":[85],"including":[86],"perception,":[87],"comprehension,":[88],"projection,":[90],"show":[92],"how":[93,133],"manipulations":[95],"such":[96],"disruptions":[98],"information":[100,139],"sharing":[101],"shape":[102],"drive":[107],"their":[108,112,147],"decisions":[109],"depending":[110],"behavioral":[113],"profile.":[114],"Our":[115],"results":[116],"provide":[117],"evidence":[118],"thought":[123],"bubbles":[124],"uncovering":[126],"behavior":[130],"by":[131],"indicating":[132],"disruption":[134],"location":[135],"availability":[137],"affect":[140],"people\u2019s":[141],"influence":[146],"decisions.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-31T08:31:51.225901","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}