{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4366550100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581410","title":"A World Full of Privacy and Security (Mis)conceptions? Findings of a Representative Survey in 12 Countries","display_name":"A World Full of Privacy and Security (Mis)conceptions? Findings of a Representative Survey in 12 Countries","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4366550100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581410"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3544548.3581410","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581410","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3544548.3581410","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3544548.3581410","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005754668","display_name":"Franziska Herbert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0842-9632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Franziska Herbert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ruhr University Bochum, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr University Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008222051","display_name":"Steffen Becker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7526-5597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096592","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy","ror":"https://ror.org/00bj0r217","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210096592"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steffen Becker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ruhr University Bochum, Germany and Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr University Bochum, Germany and Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096592","https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029513482","display_name":"Leonie Schaewitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4339-501X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonie Schaewitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ruhr University Bochum, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr University Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078219842","display_name":"Jonas Hielscher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5159-3868"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonas Hielscher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human-Centred Security, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human-Centred Security, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000728772","display_name":"Marvin Kowalewski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6929-3679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marvin Kowalewski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ruhr University Bochum, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr University Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108298767","display_name":"Angela Sasse","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angela Sasse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human-Centred Security, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human-Centred Security, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074668699","display_name":"Yasemin Acar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7167-7383"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasemin Acar","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Washington University, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Washington University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110236021","display_name":"Markus D\u00fcrmuth","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114112103","display_name":"Leibniz University Hannover","ror":"https://ror.org/0304hq317","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus D\u00fcrmuth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leibniz University Hannover, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leibniz University Hannover, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005754668"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.9976,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98836289,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residence","display_name":"Residence","score":0.6458450555801392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6183441281318665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.6109198331832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.48950469493865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.46162205934524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44720426201820374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.44559526443481445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.428315132856369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.420274019241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4045448899269104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.26974058151245117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2101755440235138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.14946141839027405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-health","display_name":"Environmental health","score":0.1347610056400299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11833453178405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.10006514191627502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.07368472218513489}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776269092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1611074","display_name":"Residence","level":2,"score":0.6458450555801392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6183441281318665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.6109198331832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.48950469493865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.46162205934524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44720426201820374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.44559526443481445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.428315132856369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.420274019241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4045448899269104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.26974058151245117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2101755440235138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.14946141839027405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.1347610056400299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11833453178405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.10006514191627502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.07368472218513489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3544548.3581410","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581410","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3544548.3581410","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.repo.uni-hannover.de:123456789/17768","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.repo.uni-hannover.de/handle/123456789/17768","pdf_url":"https://repo.uni-hannover.de/bitstreams/a7a8248c-c28d-4f9c-bc1d-1efff9850a06/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401575","display_name":"Institutional Repository of Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover (Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114112103","host_organization_name":"Leibniz University Hannover","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"CHI '23: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"doi:10.15488/17637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15488/17637","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052956","display_name":"Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3544548.3581410","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581410","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3544548.3581410","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1395700248","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EXC 2092 CASA ? 390781972","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G18682879","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"390781972","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5106512922","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5717916917","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"39078197","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4366550100.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4366550100.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1789500908","https://openalex.org/W1980951814","https://openalex.org/W2005364767","https://openalex.org/W2018398218","https://openalex.org/W2089241088","https://openalex.org/W2112383856","https://openalex.org/W2140739497","https://openalex.org/W2330983506","https://openalex.org/W2610939075","https://openalex.org/W2624735790","https://openalex.org/W2626425762","https://openalex.org/W2680793898","https://openalex.org/W2722360008","https://openalex.org/W2788461260","https://openalex.org/W2799208520","https://openalex.org/W2919807363","https://openalex.org/W2931556662","https://openalex.org/W3157409099","https://openalex.org/W3183563307","https://openalex.org/W4200458788","https://openalex.org/W4229658306","https://openalex.org/W4297659119"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2584827882","https://openalex.org/W2538581760","https://openalex.org/W3195097297","https://openalex.org/W4225340788","https://openalex.org/W3038106605","https://openalex.org/W2513267613","https://openalex.org/W3049084372","https://openalex.org/W2528109871","https://openalex.org/W2940702331","https://openalex.org/W2905822832"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Misconceptions":[0],"about":[1,20,139],"digital":[2],"security":[3,76,117,144],"and":[4,23,77,84,106,120,137,143],"privacy":[5,78,142],"topics":[6,79],"in":[7,28,61],"the":[8,21,37,40,88,94,110],"general":[9],"public":[10],"frequently":[11],"lead":[12],"to":[13,92],"insecure":[14],"behavior.":[15,121],"However,":[16],"little":[17],"is":[18],"known":[19],"prevalence":[22],"extent":[24],"of":[25,39,44,71,90,135],"such":[26],"misconceptions":[27,72],"a":[29,45,133],"global":[30,46],"context.":[31],"In":[32],"this":[33],"work,":[34],"we":[35,86,123,130],"present":[36],"results":[38],"first":[41],"large-scale":[42],"survey":[43,54],"population":[47],"on":[48,64,115],"misconceptions:":[49],"We":[50,100],"conducted":[51],"an":[52],"online":[53],"with":[55],"n":[56],"=":[57],"12,":[58],"351":[59],"participants":[60],"12":[62],"countries":[63],"four":[65],"continents.":[66],"By":[67],"investigating":[68],"influencing":[69],"factors":[70],"around":[73],"eight":[74],"common":[75],"(including":[80],"E2EE,":[81],"Wi-Fi,":[82],"VPN,":[83],"malware),":[85],"find":[87],"country":[89],"residence":[91],"be":[93],"strongest":[95],"estimate":[96],"for":[97,112],"holding":[98],"misconceptions.":[99],"also":[101],"identify":[102,132],"differences":[103],"between":[104],"non-Western":[105],"Western":[107],"countries,":[108],"demonstrating":[109],"need":[111],"region-specific":[113],"research":[114],"user":[116],"knowledge,":[118],"perceptions,":[119],"While":[122],"did":[124,131],"not":[125],"observe":[126],"many":[127],"outright":[128],"misconceptions,":[129],"lack":[134],"understanding":[136],"uncertainty":[138],"several":[140],"fundamental":[141],"topics.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
