{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4366549236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581407","title":"From Plane Crashes to Algorithmic Harm: Applicability of Safety Engineering Frameworks for Responsible ML","display_name":"From Plane Crashes to Algorithmic Harm: Applicability of Safety Engineering Frameworks for Responsible ML","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4366549236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581407"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3544548.3581407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581407","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3544548.3581407","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3544548.3581407","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090537987","display_name":"Shalaleh Rismani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5281-2428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shalaleh Rismani","raw_affiliation_strings":["McGill University, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5281-2428","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McGill University, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063334612","display_name":"Renee Shelby","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4720-3844"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renee Shelby","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4720-3844","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077833261","display_name":"Andrew Smart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9816-7348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Smart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9816-7348","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076363831","display_name":"Edgar Jatho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6626-2458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35364215","display_name":"Naval Postgraduate School","ror":"https://ror.org/033yfkj90","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I3130687028","https://openalex.org/I35364215"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edgar Jatho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, Naval Postgraduate School, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6626-2458","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, Naval Postgraduate School, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35364215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041167419","display_name":"Joshua A. Kroll","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4079-2175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35364215","display_name":"Naval Postgraduate School","ror":"https://ror.org/033yfkj90","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I3130687028","https://openalex.org/I35364215"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua Kroll","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Naval Postgraduate School, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4079-2175","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Naval Postgraduate School, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35364215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081123654","display_name":"AJung Moon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9387-6284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"AJung Moon","raw_affiliation_strings":["RAISE Lab, McGill University, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9387-6284","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RAISE Lab, McGill University, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072851389","display_name":"Negar Rostamzadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9638-4664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148186","display_name":"Google (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/04d06q394","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969","https://openalex.org/I4210148186"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Negar Rostamzadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research, Canada","Google Research (France)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9638-4664","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148186"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research (France)","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.8997,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97443573,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10809","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety Research","score":0.9452999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3614","display_name":"Radiological and Ultrasound Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safer","display_name":"SAFER","score":0.6850818395614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm","display_name":"Harm","score":0.6710218787193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.6458922028541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5702826976776123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/failure-mode-and-effects-analysis","display_name":"Failure mode and effects analysis","score":0.510038435459137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.48443129658699036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-management","display_name":"Risk management","score":0.43783149123191833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.377669095993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.37196075916290283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.36234429478645325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.3436623811721802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.3340355157852173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.311264306306839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.22821933031082153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.18299391865730286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.11764198541641235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776654903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2601463","display_name":"SAFER","level":2,"score":0.6850818395614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.6710218787193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.6458922028541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5702826976776123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66283442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1389268","display_name":"Failure mode and effects analysis","level":2,"score":0.510038435459137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.48443129658699036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32896092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189447","display_name":"Risk management","level":2,"score":0.43783149123191833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.377669095993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37196075916290283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.36234429478645325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.3436623811721802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3340355157852173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.311264306306839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.22821933031082153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.18299391865730286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.11764198541641235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3544548.3581407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581407","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3544548.3581407","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04360584v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://amu.hal.science/hal-04360584","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922393","display_name":"HAL AMU","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"CHI '23: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Apr 2023, Hamburg Germany, France. pp.1-18, ⟨10.1145/3544548.3581407⟩","raw_type":"Conference papers"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3544548.3581407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581407","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3544548.3581407","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4366549236.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4366549236.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":109,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W642120166","https://openalex.org/W646108675","https://openalex.org/W1546831332","https://openalex.org/W1587258003","https://openalex.org/W1863383539","https://openalex.org/W1992924466","https://openalex.org/W1996293917","https://openalex.org/W2006447892","https://openalex.org/W2015709163","https://openalex.org/W2026862653","https://openalex.org/W2033718781","https://openalex.org/W2054129954","https://openalex.org/W2054327776","https://openalex.org/W2073689153","https://openalex.org/W2132050948","https://openalex.org/W2140420369","https://openalex.org/W2142013321","https://openalex.org/W2149252982","https://openalex.org/W2151478198","https://openalex.org/W2277479394","https://openalex.org/W2340135383","https://openalex.org/W2493732967","https://openalex.org/W2584805976","https://openalex.org/W2607719644","https://openalex.org/W2768305981","https://openalex.org/W2773996825","https://openalex.org/W2897042519","https://openalex.org/W2897154134","https://openalex.org/W2897439270","https://openalex.org/W2898147565","https://openalex.org/W2899136066","https://openalex.org/W2906849518","https://openalex.org/W2935928764","https://openalex.org/W2941791230","https://openalex.org/W2943791936","https://openalex.org/W2945900074","https://openalex.org/W2950504429","https://openalex.org/W2953212529","https://openalex.org/W2953522645","https://openalex.org/W2956792022","https://openalex.org/W2962833164","https://openalex.org/W2972940946","https://openalex.org/W2982915530","https://openalex.org/W2983996708","https://openalex.org/W2986074609","https://openalex.org/W2992319600","https://openalex.org/W2996197984","https://openalex.org/W2999765337","https://openalex.org/W3001807593","https://openalex.org/W3004528080","https://openalex.org/W3013571594","https://openalex.org/W3014972121","https://openalex.org/W3015001695","https://openalex.org/W3023698061","https://openalex.org/W3024029620","https://openalex.org/W3035591180","https://openalex.org/W3041968715","https://openalex.org/W3094025600","https://openalex.org/W3100279624","https://openalex.org/W3104847483","https://openalex.org/W3104888566","https://openalex.org/W3105226597","https://openalex.org/W3119394424","https://openalex.org/W3122548859","https://openalex.org/W3127162919","https://openalex.org/W3132771424","https://openalex.org/W3135514117","https://openalex.org/W3135773605","https://openalex.org/W3158479996","https://openalex.org/W3160887439","https://openalex.org/W3162428030","https://openalex.org/W3162866579","https://openalex.org/W3163411042","https://openalex.org/W3165655729","https://openalex.org/W3171613114","https://openalex.org/W3173797891","https://openalex.org/W3184144760","https://openalex.org/W3205290952","https://openalex.org/W3212368439","https://openalex.org/W3213371645","https://openalex.org/W4200631959","https://openalex.org/W4206558204","https://openalex.org/W4220907003","https://openalex.org/W4221040122","https://openalex.org/W4221138494","https://openalex.org/W4221161649","https://openalex.org/W4224865555","https://openalex.org/W4225011401","https://openalex.org/W4225134894","https://openalex.org/W4226099958","https://openalex.org/W4235902765","https://openalex.org/W4236282325","https://openalex.org/W4242918116","https://openalex.org/W4253747132","https://openalex.org/W4283157845","https://openalex.org/W4283164096","https://openalex.org/W4283168787","https://openalex.org/W4283170666","https://openalex.org/W4284670548","https://openalex.org/W4286972964","https://openalex.org/W4287028455","https://openalex.org/W4287274268","https://openalex.org/W4288058267","https://openalex.org/W4288359825","https://openalex.org/W4303647719","https://openalex.org/W4327652279","https://openalex.org/W4376873723","https://openalex.org/W4388161807","https://openalex.org/W7008708463"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953205341","https://openalex.org/W235065745","https://openalex.org/W2029935773","https://openalex.org/W2787754950","https://openalex.org/W1572215850","https://openalex.org/W1985775355","https://openalex.org/W2352115286","https://openalex.org/W2084793300","https://openalex.org/W2476350415","https://openalex.org/W599377045"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Inappropriate":[0],"design":[1],"and":[2,14,22,29,44,49,60,65,85,88,103,107,138],"deployment":[3],"of":[4,124],"machine":[5],"learning":[6],"(ML)":[7],"systems":[8,145],"lead":[9],"to":[10,36,134],"negative":[11],"downstream":[12],"social":[13,21,59,102],"ethical":[15,23,61,104],"impacts":[16],"\u2013":[17,25,78],"described":[18],"here":[19],"as":[20],"risks":[24,46],"for":[26,42,101,148],"users,":[27],"society,":[28],"the":[30,33,121,125,131],"environment.":[31],"Despite":[32],"growing":[34],"need":[35],"regulate":[37],"ML":[38,126,144],"systems,":[39],"current":[40,58],"processes":[41],"assessing":[43],"mitigating":[45],"are":[47,146],"disjointed":[48],"inconsistent.":[50],"We":[51,128],"interviewed":[52],"30":[53],"industry":[54],"practitioners":[55],"on":[56,70,130],"their":[57,67,76,140],"risk":[62,105],"management":[63],"practices":[64],"collected":[66],"first":[68],"reactions":[69],"adapting":[71],"safety":[72],"engineering":[73],"frameworks":[74,119,137],"into":[75],"practice":[77],"namely,":[79],"System":[80],"Theoretic":[81],"Process":[82],"Analysis":[83,90],"(STPA)":[84],"Failure":[86],"Mode":[87],"Effects":[89],"(FMEA).":[91],"Our":[92],"findings":[93],"suggest":[94],"STPA/FMEA":[95],"can":[96],"provide":[97],"an":[98],"appropriate":[99],"structure":[100],"assessment":[106],"mitigation":[108],"processes.":[109],"However,":[110],"we":[111],"also":[112],"find":[113],"nontrivial":[114],"challenges":[115],"in":[116,120],"integrating":[117],"such":[118],"fast-paced":[122],"culture":[123],"industry.":[127],"call":[129],"CHI":[132],"community":[133],"strengthen":[135],"existing":[136],"assess":[139],"efficacy,":[141],"ensuring":[142],"that":[143],"safer":[147],"all":[149],"people.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}