{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4366547634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581321","title":"4Doodle: 4D Printing Artifacts Without 3D Printers","display_name":"4Doodle: 4D Printing Artifacts Without 3D Printers","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4366547634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581321"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3544548.3581321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581321","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058826825","display_name":"Ye Tao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9152-7793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400573310","display_name":"Hangzhou City University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wck0s05","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400573310"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ye Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hangzhou City University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou City University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544","https://openalex.org/I4400573310"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000270963","display_name":"Shuhong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1795-3081"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuhong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029898129","display_name":"Junzhe Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-5542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junzhe Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101878402","display_name":"Linlin Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0264-3953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linlin Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086117193","display_name":"Hongmei Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1718-3275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongmei Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069538240","display_name":"Zhiqi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3464-3958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085811108","display_name":"Jinghai He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5458-2048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinghai He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059439647","display_name":"Yitao Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2654-9803"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I105126617","display_name":"Zhejiang International Studies University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vwvvq12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105126617"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yitao Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Design Institute, Zhejiang University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Design Institute, Zhejiang University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I105126617","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006194494","display_name":"Shengzhang Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4034-1323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengzhang Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079659239","display_name":"Jinghua Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1393-5388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinghua Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001455410","display_name":"Cheng Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1783-4760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400573310","display_name":"Hangzhou City University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wck0s05","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400573310"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hangzhou City University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou City University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544","https://openalex.org/I4400573310"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036387698","display_name":"Lingyun Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5561-0493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I105126617","display_name":"Zhejiang International Studies University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vwvvq12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105126617"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingyun Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Design Institute, Zhejiang University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Design Institute, Zhejiang University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I105126617","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017439867","display_name":"Guanyun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7904-1504"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanyun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058826825"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400573310","https://openalex.org/I6469544"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3075,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87237486,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11737","display_name":"Advanced Materials and Mechanics","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11737","display_name":"Advanced Materials and Mechanics","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artifact","display_name":"Artifact (error)","score":0.7785855531692505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7469305992126465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controllability","display_name":"Controllability","score":0.6863020658493042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-printing","display_name":"Digital printing","score":0.6357795596122742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6316602230072021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-printing","display_name":"3D printing","score":0.5612932443618774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.47844910621643066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.4760415554046631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-printer","display_name":"3d printer","score":0.4704548120498657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33540019392967224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.3246716856956482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-drawing","display_name":"Engineering drawing","score":0.30765533447265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.188705176115036}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779010991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2720909","display_name":"Artifact (error)","level":2,"score":0.7785855531692505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7469305992126465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48209547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331104","display_name":"Controllability","level":2,"score":0.6863020658493042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207239344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1224898","display_name":"Digital printing","level":2,"score":0.6357795596122742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6316602230072021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524769229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3D printing","level":2,"score":0.5612932443618774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.47844910621643066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4760415554046631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984377249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3d printer","level":2,"score":0.4704548120498657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33540019392967224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.3246716856956482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.30765533447265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.188705176115036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3544548.3581321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581321","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W352865098","https://openalex.org/W1997380212","https://openalex.org/W2005277234","https://openalex.org/W2020701433","https://openalex.org/W2022004957","https://openalex.org/W2029780972","https://openalex.org/W2061924559","https://openalex.org/W2066645370","https://openalex.org/W2070028568","https://openalex.org/W2086252758","https://openalex.org/W2094868720","https://openalex.org/W2114688873","https://openalex.org/W2115529949","https://openalex.org/W2123929355","https://openalex.org/W2165565225","https://openalex.org/W2247601005","https://openalex.org/W2305410875","https://openalex.org/W2345493880","https://openalex.org/W2534402260","https://openalex.org/W2539356671","https://openalex.org/W2594832926","https://openalex.org/W2611842589","https://openalex.org/W2795511690","https://openalex.org/W2795650540","https://openalex.org/W2796228607","https://openalex.org/W2796338462","https://openalex.org/W2811358548","https://openalex.org/W2896631696","https://openalex.org/W2902013963","https://openalex.org/W2941081618","https://openalex.org/W2941979361","https://openalex.org/W2941984484","https://openalex.org/W2942318203","https://openalex.org/W2981031913","https://openalex.org/W2981143032","https://openalex.org/W3031200929","https://openalex.org/W3093961056","https://openalex.org/W3094641754","https://openalex.org/W3109962473","https://openalex.org/W3117426587","https://openalex.org/W3137231057","https://openalex.org/W3160945859","https://openalex.org/W3162410915","https://openalex.org/W3163314015","https://openalex.org/W3163446703","https://openalex.org/W3174525392","https://openalex.org/W3175360679","https://openalex.org/W3184515506","https://openalex.org/W3205562046","https://openalex.org/W3207669224","https://openalex.org/W4211093722","https://openalex.org/W4211173867","https://openalex.org/W4230732897","https://openalex.org/W4233331806","https://openalex.org/W4235179118","https://openalex.org/W4286484902"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2612816639","https://openalex.org/W2057260996","https://openalex.org/W4382310783","https://openalex.org/W3195226931","https://openalex.org/W3163235717","https://openalex.org/W2416401092","https://openalex.org/W3161686680","https://openalex.org/W2463904980","https://openalex.org/W3131618301","https://openalex.org/W4297464436"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"4D":[0,19,50,95,124,132,153],"printing":[1,20,40,51],"encodes":[2],"transformability":[3],"over":[4],"time,":[5],"which":[6],"empowers":[7],"users":[8,63],"to":[9,56,64,116],"create":[10],"artifacts":[11,22,134],"by":[12],"on-demand":[13],"deformation.":[14],"The":[15],"creative":[16,162],"process":[17],"of":[18,27,106,123,131],"shape-changing":[21,104],"can":[23,61],"be":[24],"challenging":[25],"because":[26],"its":[28,73],"discontinuous":[29],"fabrication":[30],"steps,":[31],"such":[32],"as":[33],"digital":[34],"designing,":[35],"specific":[36],"path":[37],"planning,":[38],"automatic":[39],"and":[41,66,72,90,156,164],"manual":[42,121],"triggering.":[43],"We":[44,126],"hypothesize":[45],"that":[46,85,144],"switching":[47],"from":[48],"typical":[49],"reliant":[52],"on":[53],"3D":[54,99],"printers":[55],"a":[57,81,98,112,129],"more":[58],"\u201chandcrafted\u201d":[59],"method":[60],"allow":[62],"understand":[65],"continuously":[67],"reflect":[68],"upon":[69],"the":[70,103,120,147],"artifact":[71],"transformability.":[74],"Towards":[75],"this":[76],"vision,":[77],"we":[78,110],"introduce":[79],"4Doodle,":[80],"hybrid":[82],"craft":[83],"approach":[84],"integrates":[86],"unique":[87],"deformation":[88],"controllability":[89],"five":[91],"techniques":[92],"for":[93,161],"freehand":[94],"printing,":[96],"using":[97],"pen.":[100],"To":[101],"tackle":[102],"challenges":[105],"uncertain":[107],"hands-on":[108],"fabrication,":[109],"develop":[111],"mixed":[113],"reality":[114],"system":[115],"help":[117],"novices":[118],"master":[119],"skills":[122],"printing.":[125],"also":[127],"demonstrate":[128],"series":[130],"printed":[133,154],"with":[135,151],"fully":[136],"human":[137],"intervention.":[138],"Finally,":[139],"our":[140],"user":[141],"study":[142],"shows":[143],"4Doodle":[145],"lowers":[146],"skill-acquisition":[148],"barrier":[149],"associated":[150],"handcrafting":[152],"artifacts,":[155],"it":[157],"has":[158],"great":[159],"potential":[160],"production":[163],"spatial":[165],"ability.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
