{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4320342906","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581268","title":"Zeno: An Interactive Framework for Behavioral Evaluation of Machine Learning","display_name":"Zeno: An Interactive Framework for Behavioral Evaluation of Machine Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4320342906","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581268"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3544548.3581268","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581268","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3544548.3581268","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3544548.3581268","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060162507","display_name":"\u00c1ngel Alexander Cabrera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0348-3362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u00c1ngel Alexander Cabrera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0348-3362","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072704109","display_name":"E. C. L. Fu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erica Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9284-5750","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011301944","display_name":"Donald Bertucci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2726-4108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donald Bertucci","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2726-4108","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022664382","display_name":"Kenneth Holstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6730-922X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth Holstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6730-922X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029768722","display_name":"Ameet Talwalkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6650-1893"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ameet Talwalkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Machine Learning Department, Carnegie Mellon University, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6650-1893","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Learning Department, Carnegie Mellon University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090310268","display_name":"Jason Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9856-9654"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason I. Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9856-9654","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053097987","display_name":"Adam Perer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8369-3847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Perer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8369-3847","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060162507"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.136,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98140725,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7424266338348389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zenos-paradoxes","display_name":"Zeno's paradoxes","score":0.6518428325653076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5504244565963745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3804498314857483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.338567316532135}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7424266338348389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7707877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33378","display_name":"Zeno's paradoxes","level":2,"score":0.6518428325653076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5504244565963745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3804498314857483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.338567316532135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3544548.3581268","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581268","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3544548.3581268","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2302.04732","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2302.04732","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2302.04732","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3544548.3581268","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581268","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3544548.3581268","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1725833531","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-2040942","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2584449986","display_name":"Graduate Research Fellowship Program (GRFP)","funder_award_id":"1745016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4723327940","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2040942","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4863571209","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DGE-1745016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307791","display_name":"Cisco Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/03yt1ez60"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4320342906.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4320342906.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1819662813","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1980527762","https://openalex.org/W2028138594","https://openalex.org/W2184059664","https://openalex.org/W2342249984","https://openalex.org/W2440722286","https://openalex.org/W2516678343","https://openalex.org/W2767128594","https://openalex.org/W2782311202","https://openalex.org/W2788481061","https://openalex.org/W2789415069","https://openalex.org/W2884061367","https://openalex.org/W2897042519","https://openalex.org/W2898186212","https://openalex.org/W2915268314","https://openalex.org/W2940677186","https://openalex.org/W2949858875","https://openalex.org/W2952602496","https://openalex.org/W2956281901","https://openalex.org/W2971196067","https://openalex.org/W2972788276","https://openalex.org/W2974071289","https://openalex.org/W2978934711","https://openalex.org/W2991497298","https://openalex.org/W2997286550","https://openalex.org/W2997315920","https://openalex.org/W3006437051","https://openalex.org/W3011721937","https://openalex.org/W3035507081","https://openalex.org/W3100279624","https://openalex.org/W3103272945","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3172794097","https://openalex.org/W3176912817","https://openalex.org/W3182543254","https://openalex.org/W3184352888","https://openalex.org/W3184997675","https://openalex.org/W3190429087","https://openalex.org/W3195577433","https://openalex.org/W3198268897","https://openalex.org/W3204393347","https://openalex.org/W3206420877","https://openalex.org/W3208248887","https://openalex.org/W3208416788","https://openalex.org/W3212368439","https://openalex.org/W4211017739","https://openalex.org/W4213410199","https://openalex.org/W4221015417","https://openalex.org/W4221146508","https://openalex.org/W4229447062","https://openalex.org/W4233535930","https://openalex.org/W4280609065","https://openalex.org/W4285113702","https://openalex.org/W4287391492","https://openalex.org/W4292114417","https://openalex.org/W4295830359","https://openalex.org/W4297459897","https://openalex.org/W4309048701","https://openalex.org/W4312570804","https://openalex.org/W4312933868","https://openalex.org/W4313429401","https://openalex.org/W4385570204","https://openalex.org/W6600704668","https://openalex.org/W6629045843","https://openalex.org/W6772730766"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine":[0],"learning":[1],"models":[2],"with":[3,69,123],"high":[4],"accuracy":[5],"on":[6,127],"test":[7],"data":[8],"can":[9],"still":[10],"produce":[11],"systematic":[12,62,144],"failures,":[13,32],"such":[14,31],"as":[15],"harmful":[16],"biases":[17],"and":[18,29,60,80,97,111,141],"safety":[19],"issues,":[20],"when":[21],"deployed":[22],"in":[23],"the":[24,75],"real":[25],"world.":[26],"To":[27],"detect":[28],"mitigate":[30],"practitioners":[33,56,71,133],"run":[34],"behavioral":[35,78],"evaluation":[36,49,79],"of":[37,46,77],"their":[38],"models,":[39,129],"checking":[40],"model":[41],"outputs":[42],"for":[43,109],"specific":[44],"types":[45],"inputs.":[47],"Behavioral":[48],"is":[50,84,90],"important":[51],"but":[52],"challenging,":[53],"requiring":[54],"that":[55,82,89,132],"discover":[57,142],"real-world":[58,128],"patterns":[59],"validate":[61],"failures.":[63,145],"We":[64],"conducted":[65],"18":[66],"semi-structured":[67],"interviews":[68],"ML":[70],"to":[72,136],"better":[73],"understand":[74],"challenges":[76],"found":[81,131],"it":[83],"a":[85,106],"collaborative,":[86],"use-case-first":[87],"process":[88],"not":[91],"adequately":[92],"supported":[93],"by":[94],"existing":[95],"task-":[96],"domain-specific":[98],"tools.":[99],"Using":[100],"these":[101],"findings,":[102],"we":[103,130],"designed":[104],"zeno,":[105],"general-purpose":[107],"framework":[108],"visualizing":[110],"testing":[112],"AI":[113],"systems":[114],"across":[115],"diverse":[116],"use":[117],"cases.":[118],"In":[119],"four":[120],"case":[121],"studies":[122],"participants":[124],"using":[125],"zeno":[126],"were":[134],"able":[135],"reproduce":[137],"previous":[138],"manual":[139],"analyses":[140],"new":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
