{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4367046728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3543507.3583270","title":"A Method to Assess and Explain Disparate Impact in Online Retailing","display_name":"A Method to Assess and Explain Disparate Impact in Online Retailing","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4367046728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3543507.3583270"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3543507.3583270","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3543507.3583270","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2023","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088769687","display_name":"Rafael Becerril\u2010Arreola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7271-3638"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rafael Becerril-Arreola","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of South Carolina, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of South Carolina, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088769687"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2343,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57064203,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3670","last_page":"3679"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11161","display_name":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11161","display_name":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11536","display_name":"Consumer Retail Behavior Studies","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.9611999988555908,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7272129654884338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6354676485061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visitor-pattern","display_name":"Visitor pattern","score":0.5678678154945374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crawling","display_name":"Crawling","score":0.5424777269363403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4960578382015228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-collection","display_name":"Data collection","score":0.42915529012680054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audit","display_name":"Audit","score":0.4252956509590149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disparate-impact","display_name":"Disparate impact","score":0.4211311936378479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.34002578258514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.13722041249275208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12396931648254395}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7272129654884338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6354676485061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48947383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830719","display_name":"Visitor pattern","level":2,"score":0.5678678154945374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100368936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411725","display_name":"Crawling","level":2,"score":0.5424777269363403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4960578382015228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.42915529012680054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.4252956509590149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776889015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282532","display_name":"Disparate impact","level":3,"score":0.4211311936378479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34002578258514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.13722041249275208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12396931648254395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778272461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190752","display_name":"Supreme court","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3543507.3583270","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3543507.3583270","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2023","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W177118472","https://openalex.org/W844098524","https://openalex.org/W1648303880","https://openalex.org/W2062548491","https://openalex.org/W2079577193","https://openalex.org/W2161392727","https://openalex.org/W2550925836","https://openalex.org/W2594545251","https://openalex.org/W2612327332","https://openalex.org/W2742620100","https://openalex.org/W2766822006","https://openalex.org/W2791099280","https://openalex.org/W2824407413","https://openalex.org/W2969884768","https://openalex.org/W3004148183","https://openalex.org/W3013854004","https://openalex.org/W3099751307","https://openalex.org/W3122046808","https://openalex.org/W3134672395","https://openalex.org/W3135773605","https://openalex.org/W3149403622","https://openalex.org/W3155422163","https://openalex.org/W3155476465","https://openalex.org/W3159435787","https://openalex.org/W3192316362","https://openalex.org/W4234809148","https://openalex.org/W4256444741","https://openalex.org/W4289543754"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4393220254","https://openalex.org/W2389484663","https://openalex.org/W4321258516","https://openalex.org/W2051833850","https://openalex.org/W100279264","https://openalex.org/W3025803919","https://openalex.org/W2962094963","https://openalex.org/W3035526107","https://openalex.org/W4287845917","https://openalex.org/W3210442065"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,21,24,28,149],"method":[4,19,70,137,161],"for":[5,31,57,165,186],"assessing":[6],"whether":[7],"algorithmic":[8,75,203],"decision":[9],"making":[10],"induces":[11],"disparate":[12,116],"impact":[13],"in":[14,140,152],"online":[15,120],"retailing.":[16],"The":[17,37,103,135,178],"proposed":[18,136],"specifies":[20],"statistical":[22,38],"design,":[23],"sampling":[25],"algorithm,":[26],"and":[27,46,55,81,99,113,212],"technological":[29],"setup":[30],"data":[32,50,73,92,105,131,164,179],"collection":[33],"through":[34],"web":[35],"crawling.":[36],"design":[39],"reduces":[40],"the":[41,44,49,58,61,69,111,129,141,144,153,160],"dimensionality":[42],"of":[43,60,68,115,132,143,148,191],"problem":[45],"ensures":[47],"that":[48,84,182],"collected":[51,180],"are":[52,184,206],"representative,":[53],"variation-rich,":[54],"suitable":[56],"investigation":[59],"causes":[62,114],"behind":[63],"any":[64],"observed":[65],"disparities.":[66],"Implementations":[67],"can":[71,85,106,198,214],"collect":[72,163],"on":[74],"decisions,":[76],"such":[77,96],"as":[78,97,217],"price,":[79],"recommendations,":[80],"delivery":[82],"fees":[83],"be":[86,107,199,215],"matched":[87],"to":[88,109,162,202],"website":[89],"visitor":[90],"demographic":[91,130],"from":[93],"established":[94],"sources":[95],"censuses":[98],"large":[100],"scale":[101],"surveys.":[102],"combined":[104],"used":[108],"investigate":[110],"presence":[112],"impact,":[117],"potentially":[118],"helping":[119],"retailers":[121],"audit":[122],"their":[123,133],"algorithms":[124],"without":[125],"collecting":[126],"or":[127],"holding":[128],"users.":[134],"is":[138],"illustrated":[139],"context":[142],"automated":[145],"pricing":[146],"decisions":[147],"leading":[150],"retailer":[151],"United":[154],"States.":[155],"A":[156],"custom-built":[157],"platform":[158],"implemented":[159],"nearly":[166],"20,000":[167],"different":[168],"grocery":[169],"products":[170],"at":[171],"more":[172],"than":[173],"3,000":[174],"randomly-selected":[175],"zip":[176],"codes.":[177],"indicates":[181],"prices":[183],"higher":[185],"locations":[187],"with":[188],"high":[189],"proportions":[190],"minority":[192],"households.":[193],"Although":[194],"these":[195],"price":[196],"disparities":[197],"partly":[200],"attributed":[201],"biases,":[204],"they":[205],"mainly":[207],"explained":[208],"by":[209],"local":[210],"factors":[211],"therefore":[213],"regarded":[216],"business":[218],"necessities.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
