{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293083920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3542949","title":"Enabling Short-Term Energy Flexibility Markets Through Blockchain","display_name":"Enabling Short-Term Energy Flexibility Markets Through Blockchain","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293083920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3542949"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3542949","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3542949","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3542949","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97833917","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Internet Technology","issn_l":"1533-5399","issn":["1533-5399","1557-6051"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Internet Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3542949","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012518322","display_name":"Michell Boerger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5741-9043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800804238","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communication Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/00px80p03","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800804238","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michell Boerger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communication Systems, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5741-9043","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communication Systems, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800804238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073397132","display_name":"Philipp L\u00e4mmel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4411-0557"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800804238","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communication Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/00px80p03","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800804238","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp L\u00e4mmel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communication Systems, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4411-0557","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communication Systems, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800804238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047823462","display_name":"Nikolay Tcholtchev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6821-4417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800804238","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communication Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/00px80p03","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800804238","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolay Tcholtchev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communication Systems, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6821-4417","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communication Systems, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800804238"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031880032","display_name":"Manfred Hauswirth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1839-0372"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manfred Hauswirth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1839-0372","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012518322"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800804238"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2743,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84327766,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11995","display_name":"FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9506999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.739600419998169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5976468920707703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.5403220653533936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.512887716293335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-contract","display_name":"Smart contract","score":0.5113362669944763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.4831204116344452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.4732930064201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.44807931780815125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.4464006721973419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.43127259612083435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3749900758266449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.33680465817451477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.11756083369255066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.09418180584907532}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.739600419998169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5976468920707703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.5403220653533936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.512887716293335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779950589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544035","display_name":"Smart contract","level":3,"score":0.5113362669944763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.4831204116344452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.4732930064201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.44807931780815125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.4464006721973419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.43127259612083435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3749900758266449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.33680465817451477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.11756083369255066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.09418180584907532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3542949","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3542949","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3542949","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97833917","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Internet Technology","issn_l":"1533-5399","issn":["1533-5399","1557-6051"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Internet Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:null:publica/429820","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/429820","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3542949","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3542949","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3542949","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97833917","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Internet Technology","issn_l":"1533-5399","issn":["1533-5399","1557-6051"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Internet Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1192107709","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"03SIN514","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323803","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Wirtschaft und Energie"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323803","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Wirtschaft und Energie","ror":"https://ror.org/02vgg2808"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293083920.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293083920.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508162533","https://openalex.org/W2789244421","https://openalex.org/W2893703421"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3021375942","https://openalex.org/W1596201972","https://openalex.org/W2367503426","https://openalex.org/W2895791452","https://openalex.org/W3044413799","https://openalex.org/W4315641304","https://openalex.org/W4308783958","https://openalex.org/W4235143875","https://openalex.org/W2042177341","https://openalex.org/W3190640263"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Climate":[0],"change":[1],"has":[2],"put":[3],"significant":[4],"pressure":[5],"on":[6,104,212],"energy":[7,35,57,87,92,106,113,121,167,186],"markets.":[8],"Political":[9],"decisions":[10],"such":[11],"as":[12,132],"the":[13,16,48,54,65,90,119,144,171,196,208,213],"plan":[14],"of":[15,39,85,111,125,149,173,185,198,204,207,221],"German":[17],"government":[18],"to":[19,44,142,163],"shut":[20],"down":[21],"coal":[22],"power":[23],"plants":[24],"by":[25,169],"2038":[26],"are":[27],"shifting":[28],"electricity":[29],"production":[30,122],"towards":[31],"renewable":[32,136],"and":[33,82,99,109,123,137,147,177,182,216,224],"distributed":[34,86,112],"resources.":[36,127],"The":[37],"share":[38],"these":[40,130],"resources":[41,88,114],"will":[42],"continue":[43],"grow":[45],"significantly":[46],"in":[47,64],"coming":[49],"years.":[50],"This":[51,179],"trend":[52],"changes":[53,63],"ways":[55],"how":[56],"markets":[58,168,210],"work":[59],"which":[60,77,105],"mandates":[61],"fundamental":[62],"underlying":[66],"IT":[67],"infrastructure.":[68],"In":[69],"this":[70],"paper,":[71],"we":[72],"propose":[73,162],"a":[74,205,218],"blockchain-based":[75,95,165],"solution":[76],"enables":[78,180],"an":[79,133,202],"economically":[80,154],"viable":[81],"grid-serving":[83],"integration":[84],"into":[89],"existing":[91],"system.":[93],"Our":[94],"approach":[96,200],"targets":[97],"intraday":[98],"day-ahead":[100],"operating":[101,134],"reserve":[102],"markets,":[103],"grid":[107,145],"operators":[108,110],"can":[115,140],"trade":[116],"flexibilities":[117,131,187],"within":[118],"schedulable":[120],"consumption":[124],"their":[126,159],"By":[128],"utilizing":[129,170],"reserve,":[135],"climate-friendly":[138],"technologies":[139],"contribute":[141],"maintaining":[143],"stability":[146],"security":[148],"supply":[150],"while":[151],"simultaneously":[152],"creating":[153],"interesting":[155],"business":[156],"models":[157],"for":[158],"operators.":[160],"We":[161,194],"define":[164],"short-term":[166],"concept":[172],"general-purpose":[174],"smart":[175],"contracts":[176],"cryptocurrencies.":[178],"direct":[181],"decentralized":[183],"trading":[184],"without":[188],"any":[189],"intermediary":[190],"or":[191],"central":[192],"instance.":[193],"demonstrate":[195],"feasibility":[197],"our":[199],"through":[201],"implementation":[203],"prototype":[206],"proposed":[209],"based":[211],"Ethereum":[214],"blockchain":[215],"provide":[217],"detailed":[219],"evaluation":[220],"its":[222],"efficiency":[223],"scalability.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}