{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308643016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3540250.3549121","title":"Declarative smart contracts","display_name":"Declarative smart contracts","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308643016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3540250.3549121"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3540250.3549121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3540250.3549121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608883","display_name":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010986438","display_name":"Haoxian Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36788626","display_name":"California University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/01spssf70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoxian Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001574582","display_name":"Gerald Whitters","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36788626","display_name":"California University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/01spssf70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerald Whitters","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071500439","display_name":"Mohammad Javad Amiri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6220-8363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36788626","display_name":"California University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/01spssf70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Javad Amiri","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101979875","display_name":"Yuepeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7938-5948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuepeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Simon Fraser University, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simon Fraser University, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090052860","display_name":"Boon Thau Loo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4757-1746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36788626","display_name":"California University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/01spssf70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boon Thau Loo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"281","last_page":"293"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9825999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.982200026512146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7824243903160095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-contract","display_name":"Smart contract","score":0.6482919454574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executable","display_name":"Executable","score":0.5194434523582458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.5133694410324097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5072655081748962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compile-time","display_name":"Compile time","score":0.49324649572372437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.48882433772087097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4868990480899811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.47267967462539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.43517377972602844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.4269813299179077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7824243903160095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779950589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544035","display_name":"Smart contract","level":3,"score":0.6482919454574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160145156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778586","display_name":"Executable","level":2,"score":0.5194434523582458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.5133694410324097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5072655081748962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200833197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333707","display_name":"Compile time","level":3,"score":0.49324649572372437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.48882433772087097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4868990480899811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.47267967462539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.43517377972602844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.4269813299179077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3540250.3549121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3540250.3549121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608883","display_name":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G954486475","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-2104882, CNS-210714","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W40716904","https://openalex.org/W68130373","https://openalex.org/W1552694902","https://openalex.org/W1595443289","https://openalex.org/W1671718115","https://openalex.org/W2163521620","https://openalex.org/W2493901872","https://openalex.org/W2522448907","https://openalex.org/W2539190473","https://openalex.org/W2592077777","https://openalex.org/W2611719544","https://openalex.org/W2617119613","https://openalex.org/W2766041593","https://openalex.org/W2790202156","https://openalex.org/W2794753360","https://openalex.org/W2804390587","https://openalex.org/W2805052744","https://openalex.org/W2808815243","https://openalex.org/W2846896781","https://openalex.org/W2884898944","https://openalex.org/W2885034081","https://openalex.org/W2899026971","https://openalex.org/W2908007588","https://openalex.org/W2961845816","https://openalex.org/W2963610883","https://openalex.org/W2964144608","https://openalex.org/W2964257386","https://openalex.org/W2979374757","https://openalex.org/W2982383932","https://openalex.org/W2985495886","https://openalex.org/W2990403016","https://openalex.org/W2999378142","https://openalex.org/W3015325345","https://openalex.org/W3016155638","https://openalex.org/W3033309818","https://openalex.org/W3043576244","https://openalex.org/W3095431539","https://openalex.org/W3098450669","https://openalex.org/W3100733828","https://openalex.org/W3109650547","https://openalex.org/W4230201548","https://openalex.org/W6912828473"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2357088637","https://openalex.org/W2371266106","https://openalex.org/W2117382851","https://openalex.org/W3006505070","https://openalex.org/W2382449560","https://openalex.org/W2767298477","https://openalex.org/W2110432562","https://openalex.org/W2611577313","https://openalex.org/W2025344","https://openalex.org/W2117864619"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,49],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"DeCon,":[3],"a":[4,40,78,83,108],"declarative":[5,86],"programming":[6],"language":[7],"for":[8,121,163,171],"implementing":[9],"smart":[10,21,37,53,98,134],"contracts":[11,54,135],"and":[12,24,68,88,101,139,165],"specifying":[13],"contract-level":[14,25,102],"properties.":[15],"Driven":[16],"by":[17],"the":[18,93,97,147,154],"observation":[19],"that":[20,45,110,129],"contract":[22,38,59,72,99],"operations":[23],"properties":[26],"can":[27,111,131],"be":[28],"naturally":[29],"expressed":[30],"as":[31,39,137],"relational":[32,43,50,94],"constraints,":[33],"DeCon":[34,79,113,130,151],"models":[35],"each":[36],"set":[41,84],"of":[42,52,58,64,82,85,150],"tables":[44],"store":[46],"transaction":[47],"records.":[48],"representation":[51],"enables":[55],"convenient":[56],"specification":[57],"properties,":[60,103],"facilitates":[61],"run-time":[62,122,172],"monitoring":[63],"potential":[65],"property":[66,123],"violations,":[67],"brings":[69],"clarity":[70],"to":[71,153],"debugging":[73],"via":[74],"data":[75],"provenance.":[76],"Specifically,":[77],"program":[80],"consists":[81],"rules":[87,91],"violation":[89],"query":[90],"over":[92],"representation,":[95],"describing":[96],"implementation":[100],"respectively.":[104],"We":[105],"have":[106],"developed":[107],"tool":[109],"compile":[112],"programs":[114],"into":[115],"executable":[116],"Solidity":[117],"programs,":[118],"with":[119],"instrumentation":[120],"monitoring.":[124],"Our":[125,143],"case":[126],"studies":[127],"demonstrate":[128],"implement":[132],"realistic":[133],"such":[136],"ERC20":[138],"ERC721":[140],"digital":[141],"tokens.":[142],"evaluation":[144],"results":[145],"reveal":[146],"marginal":[148],"overhead":[149,162,170],"compared":[152],"open-source":[155],"reference":[156],"implementation,":[157],"incurring":[158],"14%":[159],"median":[160,168],"gas":[161,169],"execution,":[164],"another":[166],"16%":[167],"verification.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}