{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4381573351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3539618.3592051","title":"Representation Sparsification with Hybrid Thresholding for Fast SPLADE-based Document Retrieval","display_name":"Representation Sparsification with Hybrid Thresholding for Fast SPLADE-based Document Retrieval","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4381573351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3539618.3592051"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3539618.3592051","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3539618.3592051","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3539618.3592051","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 46th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3539618.3592051","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074531400","display_name":"Yifan Qiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5717-2637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032384435","display_name":"Yingrui Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6454-5796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingrui Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037790148","display_name":"Shanxiu He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8581-6733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanxiu He","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060730782","display_name":"Tao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1902-3387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074531400"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9692,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77281762,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2329","last_page":"2333"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.9138627052307129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7261322736740112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.6132225394248962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.5876309275627136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5610402822494507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5300053358078003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5289364457130432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.45347291231155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16527342796325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.055781275033950806}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.9138627052307129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7261322736740112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6132225394248962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.5876309275627136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5610402822494507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5300053358078003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5289364457130432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45347291231155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16527342796325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.055781275033950806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3539618.3592051","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3539618.3592051","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3539618.3592051","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 46th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2306.11293","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2306.11293","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.11293","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3539618.3592051","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3539618.3592051","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3539618.3592051","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 46th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6343863509","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2225942","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4381573351.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4381573351.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1791987072","https://openalex.org/W2006997130","https://openalex.org/W2016078760","https://openalex.org/W2025345306","https://openalex.org/W2069870183","https://openalex.org/W2135290016","https://openalex.org/W2740817677","https://openalex.org/W2897754576","https://openalex.org/W2903890941","https://openalex.org/W2928384811","https://openalex.org/W2965843218","https://openalex.org/W2971115712","https://openalex.org/W2998702515","https://openalex.org/W3005273253","https://openalex.org/W3024929536","https://openalex.org/W3034628778","https://openalex.org/W3034912391","https://openalex.org/W3091023798","https://openalex.org/W3102704970","https://openalex.org/W3118668786","https://openalex.org/W3154280800","https://openalex.org/W3154755316","https://openalex.org/W3172119680","https://openalex.org/W3174203100","https://openalex.org/W3174783074","https://openalex.org/W3175111331","https://openalex.org/W3197604682","https://openalex.org/W3205509771","https://openalex.org/W3206455169","https://openalex.org/W3217305727","https://openalex.org/W4224921405","https://openalex.org/W4226059474","https://openalex.org/W4226078967","https://openalex.org/W4226315795","https://openalex.org/W4280629343","https://openalex.org/W4284663260","https://openalex.org/W4284664419","https://openalex.org/W4284685333","https://openalex.org/W4284880643","https://openalex.org/W4286969177","https://openalex.org/W4287645694","https://openalex.org/W4296301204","https://openalex.org/W4298323699","https://openalex.org/W4367047387","https://openalex.org/W6794609274"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542224353","https://openalex.org/W1661087619","https://openalex.org/W2116854923","https://openalex.org/W2750730210","https://openalex.org/W2236974868","https://openalex.org/W4312766348","https://openalex.org/W4233939244","https://openalex.org/W2730764323","https://openalex.org/W3123806511","https://openalex.org/W1976727107"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Learned":[0],"sparse":[1],"document":[2,43],"representations":[3],"using":[4],"a":[5,25],"transformer-based":[6],"neural":[7],"model":[8],"has":[9],"been":[10],"found":[11],"to":[12],"be":[13],"attractive":[14],"in":[15],"both":[16],"relevance":[17],"effectiveness":[18],"and":[19,32,48],"time":[20],"efficiency.":[21],"This":[22],"paper":[23],"describes":[24],"representation":[26],"sparsification":[27],"scheme":[28],"based":[29],"on":[30,51],"hard":[31],"soft":[33],"thresholding":[34,58],"with":[35],"an":[36],"inverted":[37],"index":[38],"approximation":[39],"for":[40],"faster":[41],"SPLADE-based":[42],"retrieval.":[44],"It":[45],"provides":[46],"analytical":[47],"experimental":[49],"results":[50],"the":[52],"impact":[53],"of":[54],"this":[55],"learnable":[56],"hybrid":[57],"scheme.":[59]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-24T08:02:53.985720","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
