{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4292158631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3538969.3539003","title":"Assessing discrepancies between network traffic and privacy policies of public sector web services","display_name":"Assessing discrepancies between network traffic and privacy policies of public sector web services","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4292158631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3538969.3539003"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3538969.3539003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3538969.3539003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608926","display_name":"Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048270317","display_name":"Timi Heino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4798-5261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timi Heino","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Turku, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087674507","display_name":"Robin Carlsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7255-0239"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robin Carlsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Turku, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023392536","display_name":"Sampsa Rauti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1891-2353"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sampsa Rauti","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Turku, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029023235","display_name":"Ville Lepp\u00e4nen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5296-677X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ville Lepp\u00e4nen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Turku, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.2555,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98954268,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5886312127113342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.5837377905845642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-service","display_name":"Web service","score":0.5714655518531799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5474111437797546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.5192146897315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ws-policy","display_name":"WS-Policy","score":0.48552465438842773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-sector","display_name":"Public sector","score":0.46323463320732117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personally-identifiable-information","display_name":"Personally identifiable information","score":0.46055710315704346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/services-computing","display_name":"Services computing","score":0.4568747282028198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.451406329870224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-analytics","display_name":"Web analytics","score":0.4374637007713318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-traffic","display_name":"Web traffic","score":0.4190444350242615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-policy","display_name":"Privacy policy","score":0.4145442247390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.36639246344566345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-development","display_name":"Web development","score":0.3516353964805603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-application-security","display_name":"Web application security","score":0.33404529094696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.2581389546394348}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5886312127113342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.5837377905845642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35578498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193424","display_name":"Web service","level":2,"score":0.5714655518531799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5474111437797546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.5192146897315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190515685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749179","display_name":"WS-Policy","level":5,"score":0.48552465438842773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294217","display_name":"Public sector","level":2,"score":0.46323463320732117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169093310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3702971","display_name":"Personally identifiable information","level":2,"score":0.46055710315704346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542858634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7455845","display_name":"Services computing","level":3,"score":0.4568747282028198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.451406329870224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C516187249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10719477","display_name":"Web analytics","level":5,"score":0.4374637007713318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777672014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172573","display_name":"Web traffic","level":3,"score":0.4190444350242615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102938260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1999831","display_name":"Privacy policy","level":3,"score":0.4145442247390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.36639246344566345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79373723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386275","display_name":"Web development","level":3,"score":0.3516353964805603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59241245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781497","display_name":"Web application security","level":4,"score":0.33404529094696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.2581389546394348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3538969.3539003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3538969.3539003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608926","display_name":"Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5584748295","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"327397","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481354592","https://openalex.org/W1965883625","https://openalex.org/W2008128488","https://openalex.org/W2034814641","https://openalex.org/W2416995857","https://openalex.org/W2560661849","https://openalex.org/W2587978772","https://openalex.org/W2788364416","https://openalex.org/W3011497473","https://openalex.org/W3100012422","https://openalex.org/W3123673015","https://openalex.org/W4200566999"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2121283305","https://openalex.org/W1168306964","https://openalex.org/W2128388188","https://openalex.org/W2384679996","https://openalex.org/W2266573831","https://openalex.org/W2033342379","https://openalex.org/W2081008583","https://openalex.org/W4313139008","https://openalex.org/W2020457383","https://openalex.org/W1484776461"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Online":[0],"services":[1,23,76,103,123,181,216],"are":[2,33],"increasingly":[3],"being":[4],"used":[5],"to":[6,20,41,93,105,134,203,218,227,237],"complete":[7],"everyday":[8],"tasks,":[9],"and":[10,24,78,124,128,163,199,211,232],"ordinary":[11],"users":[12],"with":[13],"very":[14,58],"little":[15],"technical":[16],"knowledge":[17],"have":[18],"learned":[19],"use":[21],"web":[22,63,75,122,143,170,197],"applications.":[25],"At":[26],"the":[27,37,42,66,71,101,116,135,142,159,164,168,176,184],"same":[28],"time,":[29],"many":[30],"user":[31,53],"applications":[32],"gradually":[34],"moving":[35],"from":[36],"traditional":[38],"desktop":[39],"environment":[40],"web.":[43],"Because":[44],"of":[45,73,98,120,167,179,207,223],"these":[46,121],"developments,":[47],"it":[48],"is":[49,152,175,191],"not":[50],"surprising":[51],"that":[52,189],"privacy":[54,72,117,161,209],"has":[55],"become":[56],"a":[57,87,113],"important":[59],"consideration":[60],"when":[61],"developing":[62],"services.":[64,109,144,171],"In":[65],"current":[67],"study,":[68],"we":[69],"assess":[70],"34":[74],"provided":[77],"maintained":[79],"by":[80,130,141,183],"Finnish":[81],"public":[82,200],"sector":[83,201],"bodies.":[84],"We":[85,110,187],"perform":[86],"network":[88,137],"traffic":[89,166],"analysis":[90],"in":[91,158,230],"order":[92],"find":[94],"out":[95,140],"what":[96,151],"kind":[97],"personal":[99,156,212],"data":[100,138,157],"studied":[102,169,185],"deliver":[104,217],"third":[106,219],"party":[107],"analytics":[108,180],"then":[111],"take":[112],"look":[114],"at":[115],"policy":[118],"documents":[119],"gauge":[125],"their":[126,132,205,214],"transparency":[127],"clarity":[129],"comparing":[131],"contents":[133],"actual":[136,165],"sent":[139],"Our":[145],"findings":[146],"reveal":[147],"numerous":[148],"inconsistencies":[149],"between":[150],"said":[153],"about":[154],"handling":[155],"analyzed":[160],"policies":[162],"Another":[172],"prominent":[173],"finding":[174],"sheer":[177],"amount":[178],"employed":[182],"websites.":[186],"conclude":[188],"there":[190],"still":[192],"an":[193],"obvious":[194],"need":[195],"for":[196],"developers":[198],"bodies":[202],"improve":[204],"awareness":[206],"existing":[208],"regulations":[210],"information":[213],"online":[215],"parties.":[220],"A":[221],"lot":[222],"work":[224],"also":[225],"remains":[226],"be":[228],"done":[229],"clearly":[231],"transparently":[233],"communicating":[234],"privacy-related":[235],"matters":[236],"users.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
