{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283720549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3535508.3545508","title":"Contextual embedding and model weighting by fusing domain knowledge on biomedical question answering","display_name":"Contextual embedding and model weighting by fusing domain knowledge on biomedical question answering","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283720549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3535508.3545508"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3535508.3545508","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3535508.3545508","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 13th ACM International Conference on Bioinformatics, Computational Biology and Health Informatics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2206.12866","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048356518","display_name":"Yuxuan Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8520-0540"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuxuan Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Technology, Chaoyang Qu, Beijing Shi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8520-0540","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Technology, Chaoyang Qu, Beijing Shi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100603268","display_name":"Jingya Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingya Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Technology, Chaoyang Qu, Beijing Shi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0373-1696","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Technology, Chaoyang Qu, Beijing Shi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056834269","display_name":"Zhixuan Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5333-0335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhixuan Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Technology, Chaoyang Qu, Beijing Shi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5333-0335","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Technology, Chaoyang Qu, Beijing Shi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026568014","display_name":"Zhongzheng Ge","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongzheng Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Technology, Chaoyang Qu, Beijing Shi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2002-6251","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Technology, Chaoyang Qu, Beijing Shi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007940049","display_name":"Yongping Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6867-2063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongping Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Technology, Chaoyang Qu, Beijing Shi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6867-2063","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Technology, Chaoyang Qu, Beijing Shi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048356518"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2775,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61885727,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13274","display_name":"Expert finding and Q&A systems","score":0.9782000184059143,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8245433568954468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","score":0.7432626485824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.7412564754486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.7270123958587646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.6866641640663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6446145176887512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.6200540065765381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.6174474954605103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-domain","display_name":"Open domain","score":0.5621818900108337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5143262147903442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-knowledge","display_name":"Domain knowledge","score":0.4865395128726959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labeled-data","display_name":"Labeled data","score":0.41501784324645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.34186503291130066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.06227672100067139}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8245433568954468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.7432626485824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.7412564754486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.7270123958587646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.6866641640663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6446145176887512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6200540065765381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.6174474954605103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993776861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Open domain","level":3,"score":0.5621818900108337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5143262147903442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.4865395128726959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30673951","display_name":"Labeled data","level":2,"score":0.41501784324645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.34186503291130066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06227672100067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3535508.3545508","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3535508.3545508","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 13th ACM International Conference on Bioinformatics, Computational Biology and Health Informatics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2206.12866","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2206.12866","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2206.12866","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2206.12866","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2206.12866","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2206.12866","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1544827683","https://openalex.org/W1981208470","https://openalex.org/W2125436846","https://openalex.org/W2126209950","https://openalex.org/W2516196286","https://openalex.org/W2525778437","https://openalex.org/W2551396370","https://openalex.org/W2559655401","https://openalex.org/W2763421725","https://openalex.org/W2805973097","https://openalex.org/W2904160236","https://openalex.org/W2911489562","https://openalex.org/W2927956561","https://openalex.org/W2949615363","https://openalex.org/W2963323070","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2963595025","https://openalex.org/W2963748441","https://openalex.org/W2963956494","https://openalex.org/W2965373594","https://openalex.org/W2970771982","https://openalex.org/W2996428491","https://openalex.org/W3020152921","https://openalex.org/W3034238904","https://openalex.org/W3037869352","https://openalex.org/W3046375318","https://openalex.org/W3104486441","https://openalex.org/W3116122341","https://openalex.org/W4205765952","https://openalex.org/W4245267204","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4391156274"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2391533720","https://openalex.org/W2951097643","https://openalex.org/W4309395021","https://openalex.org/W3215363805","https://openalex.org/W204133468","https://openalex.org/W2991310128","https://openalex.org/W4307481286","https://openalex.org/W2395174199","https://openalex.org/W4226441484","https://openalex.org/W2516703895"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Biomedical":[0],"Question":[1],"Answering":[2],"aims":[3],"to":[4,8,17,31,84,92,107],"obtain":[5],"an":[6,79],"answer":[7],"the":[9,13,29,87,94],"given":[10],"question":[11,73],"from":[12,35,102],"biomedical":[14,22,57,66,72],"domain.":[15],"Due":[16],"its":[18],"high":[19],"requirement":[20],"of":[21,89],"domain":[23,33,58],"knowledge,":[24],"it":[25],"is":[26,105],"difficult":[27],"for":[28],"model":[30,49,54,81,116],"learn":[32],"knowledge":[34],"limited":[36],"training":[37],"data.":[38,59],"We":[39,60],"propose":[40],"a":[41,121],"contextual":[42],"embedding":[43],"method":[44],"that":[45,114],"combines":[46],"open-domain":[47],"QA":[48],"AoA":[50],"Reader":[51],"and":[52,68],"BioBERT":[53],"pre-trained":[55],"on":[56,64,71],"adopt":[61,78],"unsupervised":[62],"pre-training":[63],"large":[65,122],"corpus":[67,104],"supervised":[69],"fine-tuning":[70],"answering":[74],"dataset.":[75],"Additionally,":[76],"we":[77],"MLP-based":[80],"weighting":[82],"layer":[83],"automatically":[85],"exploit":[86],"advantages":[88],"two":[90],"models":[91],"provide":[93],"correct":[95],"answer.":[96],"The":[97],"public":[98],"dataset":[99],"biomrc":[100],"constructed":[101],"PubMed":[103],"used":[106],"evaluate":[108],"our":[109,115],"method.":[110],"Experimental":[111],"results":[112],"show":[113],"outperforms":[117],"state-of-the-art":[118],"system":[119],"by":[120],"margin.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
