{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283733706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3534678.3539305","title":"Proton: Probing Schema Linking Information from Pre-trained Language Models for Text-to-SQL Parsing","display_name":"Proton: Probing Schema Linking Information from Pre-trained Language Models for Text-to-SQL Parsing","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283733706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3534678.3539305"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3534678.3539305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3534678.3539305","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3534678.3539305","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608767","display_name":"Proceedings of the 28th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 28th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3534678.3539305","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101880932","display_name":"Lihan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9130-0505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lihan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences &amp; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences &amp; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020280281","display_name":"Bowen Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0092-0766"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bowen Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences &amp; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences &amp; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080628250","display_name":"Binyuan Hui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2160-7595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Binyuan Hui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100387285","display_name":"Bowen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6331-1629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bowen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054067088","display_name":"Min Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3814-2728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042749062","display_name":"Bailin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3579-298X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bailin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053947739","display_name":"Binhua Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2963-4290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Binhua Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118900053","display_name":"Jian Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9443-4046"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101488344","display_name":"Fei Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3709-5053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101718341","display_name":"Luo Si","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-234X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luo Si","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100644428","display_name":"Yongbin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4504-2163"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongbin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101880932"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2355,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93432978,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1889","last_page":"1898"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8619090914726257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parsing","display_name":"Parsing","score":0.7592953443527222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6578474044799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schema","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","score":0.6355310678482056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sql","display_name":"SQL","score":0.6178819537162781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5960758924484253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-schema","display_name":"Database schema","score":0.42203420400619507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relational-database","display_name":"Relational database","score":0.4161326289176941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3637656569480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3211227059364319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-design","display_name":"Database design","score":0.1330302357673645}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8619090914726257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.7592953443527222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6578474044799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52146309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431116","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","level":2,"score":0.6355310678482056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510870499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47607","display_name":"SQL","level":2,"score":0.6178819537162781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5960758924484253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30775581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q632285","display_name":"Database schema","level":3,"score":0.42203420400619507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5655090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192588","display_name":"Relational database","level":2,"score":0.4161326289176941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3637656569480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3211227059364319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148840519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049878","display_name":"Database design","level":2,"score":0.1330302357673645}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3534678.3539305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3534678.3539305","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3534678.3539305","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608767","display_name":"Proceedings of the 28th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 28th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/146120","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/146120","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ACM|Proceedings of the 28th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining USB","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/ConferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3534678.3539305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3534678.3539305","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3534678.3539305","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608767","display_name":"Proceedings of the 28th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 28th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7279263540","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61906185","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G764773819","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KQTD20190929172835662","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336569","funder_display_name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336569","display_name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283733706.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283733706.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971215074","https://openalex.org/W2558748708","https://openalex.org/W2605717780","https://openalex.org/W2945102109","https://openalex.org/W2952032096","https://openalex.org/W2970120757","https://openalex.org/W2970476646","https://openalex.org/W2970862333","https://openalex.org/W3034835156","https://openalex.org/W3099668342","https://openalex.org/W3100058503","https://openalex.org/W3118485687","https://openalex.org/W3156366114","https://openalex.org/W3167369375","https://openalex.org/W3169423864","https://openalex.org/W3170698273","https://openalex.org/W3175013773"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2573939812","https://openalex.org/W2120098008","https://openalex.org/W2898886863","https://openalex.org/W1639806124","https://openalex.org/W2902831276","https://openalex.org/W2165259096","https://openalex.org/W2540682188","https://openalex.org/W2545844851","https://openalex.org/W4385834214","https://openalex.org/W3022423983"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"importance":[1],"of":[2,32,103],"building":[3],"text-to-SQL":[4],"parsers":[5,76],"which":[6],"can":[7,94,140],"be":[8],"applied":[9],"to":[10,21,48,72],"new":[11,127],"databases":[12],"has":[13],"long":[14],"been":[15],"acknowledged,":[16],"and":[17,67,105,115],"a":[18,45,59],"critical":[19],"step":[20],"achieve":[22],"this":[23,41],"goal":[24],"is":[25,112],"schema":[26,79,87],"linking,":[27,88],"i.e.,":[28],"properly":[29],"recognizing":[30],"mentions":[31,104],"unseen":[33],"columns":[34],"or":[35],"tables":[36],"when":[37,100],"generating":[38],"SQLs.":[39],"In":[40],"work,":[42],"we":[43,89],"propose":[44],"novel":[46],"framework":[47,125],"elicit":[49],"relational":[50,144],"structures":[51,145],"from":[52],"large-scale":[53],"pre-trained":[54],"language":[55],"models":[56],"(PLMs)":[57],"via":[58],"probing":[60,92,110,138],"procedure":[61,111,139],"based":[62],"on":[63,130],"Poincar\u00e9":[64],"distance":[65],"metric,":[66],"use":[68],"the":[69],"induced":[70],"relations":[71,93],"augment":[73],"current":[74],"graph-based":[75],"for":[77,86],"better":[78],"linking.":[80],"Compared":[81],"with":[82],"commonly-used":[83],"rule-based":[84],"methods":[85],"found":[90],"that":[91,123,136],"robustly":[95],"capture":[96],"semantic":[97],"correspondences,":[98],"even":[99],"surface":[101],"forms":[102],"entities":[106],"differ.":[107],"Moreover,":[108],"our":[109,124,137],"entirely":[113],"unsupervised":[114],"requires":[116],"no":[117],"additional":[118],"parameters.":[119],"Extensive":[120],"experiments":[121],"show":[122],"sets":[126],"state-of-the-art":[128],"performance":[129],"three":[131],"benchmarks.":[132],"We":[133],"empirically":[134],"verify":[135],"indeed":[141],"find":[142],"desired":[143],"through":[146],"qualitative":[147],"analysis.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
