{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283070885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3534678.3539173","title":"Alexa Teacher Model","display_name":"Alexa Teacher Model","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283070885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3534678.3539173"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3534678.3539173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3534678.3539173","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3534678.3539173","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608767","display_name":"Proceedings of the 28th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 28th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3534678.3539173","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086558285","display_name":"Jack FitzGerald","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jack FitzGerald","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Denver, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Denver, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012501106","display_name":"Shankar Ananthakrishnan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shankar Ananthakrishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034239421","display_name":"Konstantine Arkoudas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3436-8922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantine Arkoudas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015579598","display_name":"D. Bernardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1327-4284"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Bernardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Turin, AA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Turin, AA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044119623","display_name":"Abhishek Bhagia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhishek Bhagia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057217511","display_name":"Claudio Delli Bovi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089985","display_name":"Amazon (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00b9ktm87","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040","https://openalex.org/I4210089985"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudio Delli Bovi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Aachen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089985"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048855340","display_name":"Jin Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1247-4129"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052296941","display_name":"Rakesh Chada","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rakesh Chada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032631007","display_name":"Amit Chauhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6508-2156"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amit Chauhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044778112","display_name":"Luoxin Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luoxin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078701240","display_name":"Anurag Dwarakanath","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anurag Dwarakanath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Bangalore, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052099562","display_name":"Satyam Dwivedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1675-4061"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satyam Dwivedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Bangalore, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061554003","display_name":"Turan Gojayev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2233-4568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089985","display_name":"Amazon (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00b9ktm87","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040","https://openalex.org/I4210089985"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Turan Gojayev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Aachen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089985"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083127607","display_name":"Karthik Gopalakrishnan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8019-1825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karthik Gopalakrishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Santa Clara, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038372751","display_name":"Thomas Gueudr\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9462-3679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089985","display_name":"Amazon (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00b9ktm87","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040","https://openalex.org/I4210089985"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Gueudre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Aachen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089985"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068709817","display_name":"Dilek Hakkani\u2010T\u00fcr","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dilek Hakkani-Tur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Sunnyvale, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Sunnyvale, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053732776","display_name":"Wael Hamza","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wael Hamza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112841674","display_name":"Jonathan J. H\u00fcser","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089985","display_name":"Amazon (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00b9ktm87","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040","https://openalex.org/I4210089985"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan J. H\u00fcser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Aachen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089985"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059380000","display_name":"Kevin Martin Jose","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089985","display_name":"Amazon (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00b9ktm87","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040","https://openalex.org/I4210089985"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Martin Jose","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Aachen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089985"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083382561","display_name":"Haidar Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1617-3208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haidar Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000748332","display_name":"Beiye Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beiye Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100873531","display_name":"Jianhua Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhua Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083471779","display_name":"A. Manzotti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0057-877X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Manzotti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Turin, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060589662","display_name":"Pradeep Natarajan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9754-1376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pradeep Natarajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Chicago, IL, USA","Amazon, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043728524","display_name":"Karolina Owczarzak","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karolina Owczarzak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051201980","display_name":"Gokmen Oz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gokmen Oz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045705674","display_name":"Enrico Palumbo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3898-7480"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrico Palumbo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spotify, Turin, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spotify, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010781829","display_name":"Charith Peris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3648-8389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charith Peris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076193297","display_name":"Chandana Satya Prakash","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chandana Satya Prakash","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046697900","display_name":"Stephen Rawls","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8716-2528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Rawls","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067398866","display_name":"Andy Rosenbaum","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andy Rosenbaum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067737030","display_name":"Anjali Shenoy","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anjali Shenoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Bangalore, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021812747","display_name":"Saleh Soltan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0607-1523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saleh Soltan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109577495","display_name":"Mukund Harakere Sridhar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mukund Harakere Sridhar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110918967","display_name":"Lizhen Tan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lizhen Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051677043","display_name":"Fabian Triefenbach","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089985","display_name":"Amazon (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00b9ktm87","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040","https://openalex.org/I4210089985"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabian Triefenbach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Aachen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089985"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001958960","display_name":"Pan Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4782-5777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pan Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100432190","display_name":"Haiyang Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3313-6687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiyang Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042419001","display_name":"Shuai Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8560-8135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087941479","display_name":"G\u00f6khan T\u00fcr","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gokhan Tur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Sunnyvale, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Sunnyvale, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066184920","display_name":"Prem Natarajan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4386-6651"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prem Natarajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Chicago, IL, USA","Amazon, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":41,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086558285"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5967,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97524779,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2893","last_page":"2902"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7265627980232239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.6021294593811035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5616642236709595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.5475425124168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5313774943351746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-understanding","display_name":"Natural language understanding","score":0.525716245174408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5104812383651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.503969132900238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.4225567579269409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4136934280395508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.3671712279319763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.32702094316482544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32190263271331787}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7265627980232239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.6021294593811035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5616642236709595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.5475425124168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5313774943351746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779439875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078276","display_name":"Natural language understanding","level":3,"score":0.525716245174408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5104812383651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.503969132900238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.4225567579269409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4136934280395508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.3671712279319763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32702094316482544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32190263271331787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3534678.3539173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3534678.3539173","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3534678.3539173","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608767","display_name":"Proceedings of the 28th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 28th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2206.07808","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2206.07808","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2206.07808","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3534678.3539173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3534678.3539173","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3534678.3539173","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608767","display_name":"Proceedings of the 28th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 28th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283070885.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283070885.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W55328212","https://openalex.org/W648947103","https://openalex.org/W1602011256","https://openalex.org/W1649407914","https://openalex.org/W1821462560","https://openalex.org/W2134797427","https://openalex.org/W2137871902","https://openalex.org/W2153962611","https://openalex.org/W2294370754","https://openalex.org/W2791169651","https://openalex.org/W2891555348","https://openalex.org/W2914120296","https://openalex.org/W2917128112","https://openalex.org/W2963250244","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2965373594","https://openalex.org/W2969388332","https://openalex.org/W2970752815","https://openalex.org/W2973727699","https://openalex.org/W2977720775","https://openalex.org/W2978017171","https://openalex.org/W2989539713","https://openalex.org/W2997006708","https://openalex.org/W3001279689","https://openalex.org/W3004127093","https://openalex.org/W3008374555","https://openalex.org/W3034238904","https://openalex.org/W3034772996","https://openalex.org/W3035390927","https://openalex.org/W3037109418","https://openalex.org/W3096249532","https://openalex.org/W3098101716","https://openalex.org/W3100110884","https://openalex.org/W3100880133","https://openalex.org/W3104078590","https://openalex.org/W3105966348","https://openalex.org/W3124687886","https://openalex.org/W3129831491","https://openalex.org/W3147874613","https://openalex.org/W3161631007","https://openalex.org/W3169483174","https://openalex.org/W3174544005","https://openalex.org/W3183587160","https://openalex.org/W3199298872","https://openalex.org/W3199518308","https://openalex.org/W4212774754","https://openalex.org/W4221167110","https://openalex.org/W4224310727","https://openalex.org/W4226515448","https://openalex.org/W4249418358","https://openalex.org/W4287391717","https://openalex.org/W4287556552","https://openalex.org/W4288089799","https://openalex.org/W4288346545","https://openalex.org/W4289544215","https://openalex.org/W4292779060","https://openalex.org/W6600339457","https://openalex.org/W6814250579"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2367925007","https://openalex.org/W4288263119","https://openalex.org/W3015724364","https://openalex.org/W2967994095","https://openalex.org/W4285240985","https://openalex.org/W2900126711","https://openalex.org/W4225162083","https://openalex.org/W3202115945","https://openalex.org/W2542958340","https://openalex.org/W4389520438"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,71,103],"present":[1,180],"results":[2,181],"from":[3,15,26,85,111,182,204],"a":[4,40,73,107,183],"large-scale":[5],"experiment":[6],"on":[7,62,78,137,209],"pretraining":[8,77,197],"encoders":[9],"with":[10],"non-embedding":[11],"parameter":[12],"counts":[13],"ranging":[14,25],"700M":[16],"to":[17,32,56,131,175],"9.3B,":[18],"their":[19,30],"subsequent":[20],"distillation":[21,199],"into":[22],"smaller":[23],"models":[24,53,81,193,202],"17M-170M":[27],"parameters,":[28],"and":[29,58,97,122,169,198],"application":[31],"the":[33,63,132,143],"Natural":[34,66],"Language":[35,67],"Understanding":[36],"(NLU)":[37],"component":[38],"of":[39,76,145,213],"virtual":[41,185],"assistant":[42,186],"system.":[43],"Though":[44],"we":[45,179,190],"train":[46],"using":[47,82,153,195],"70%":[48],"spoken-form":[49],"data,":[50,156],"our":[51,79,86,112,157,196],"teacher":[52,80,115,134],"perform":[54,72],"comparably":[55],"XLM-R":[57,165],"mT5":[59],"when":[60,129],"evaluated":[61,151],"written-form":[64],"Cross-lingual":[65],"Inference":[68],"(XNLI)":[69],"corpus.":[70],"second":[74],"stage":[75],"in-domain":[83,146],"data":[84,139,147],"system,":[87],"improving":[88],"error":[89,127],"rates":[90,128],"by":[91,173,207],"3.86%":[92],"relative":[93,99],"for":[94,100,148],"intent":[95,120],"classification":[96,121],"7.01%":[98],"slot":[101,125],"filling.":[102],"find":[104,191],"that":[105,192],"even":[106],"170M-parameter":[108],"model":[109,116,162],"distilled":[110,161,203],"Stage":[113,159],"2":[114,160],"has":[117],"2.88%":[118],"better":[119,124],"7.69%":[123],"filling":[126],"compared":[130],"2.3B-parameter":[133],"trained":[135,194],"only":[136],"public":[138],"(Stage":[140],"1),":[141],"emphasizing":[142],"importance":[144],"pretraining.":[149],"When":[150],"offline":[152],"labeled":[154],"NLU":[155],"17M-parameter":[158],"outperforms":[163],"both":[164],"Base":[166],"(85M":[167],"params)":[168,172],"DistillBERT":[170],"(42M":[171],"4.23%":[174],"6.14%,":[176],"respectively.":[177],"Finally,":[178],"full":[184],"experimentation":[187],"platform,":[188],"where":[189],"pipeline":[200],"outperform":[201],"85M-parameter":[205],"teachers":[206],"3.74%-4.91%":[208],"an":[210],"automatic":[211],"measurement":[212],"full-system":[214],"user":[215],"dissatisfaction.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":53},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2022-06-19T00:00:00"}