{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4280532583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3534124","title":"Breaking Cellular IoT with Forged Data-plane Signaling: Attacks and Countermeasure","display_name":"Breaking Cellular IoT with Forged Data-plane Signaling: Attacks and Countermeasure","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4280532583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3534124"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3534124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3534124","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3534124","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170502224","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-4859","issn":["1550-4859","1550-4867"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3534124","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006953955","display_name":"Zhaowei Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0118-7917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaowei Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0118-7917","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051269814","display_name":"Boyan Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1576-261X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boyan Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1576-261X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033400618","display_name":"Jinghao Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1675-0968"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinghao Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1675-0968","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076036430","display_name":"Yunqi Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-3825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunqi Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-3825","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020188879","display_name":"Songwu Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3779-0918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songwu Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3779-0918","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0602,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74926415,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7945455312728882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.7682757377624512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forwarding-plane","display_name":"Forwarding plane","score":0.6383862495422363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.6244887709617615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.6045557856559753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.47530636191368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multicast","display_name":"Multicast","score":0.44118648767471313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.4234214723110199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.1186431348323822}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7945455312728882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7682757377624512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10597312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5473302","display_name":"Forwarding plane","level":3,"score":0.6383862495422363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.6244887709617615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.6045557856559753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.47530636191368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32295351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899288","display_name":"Multicast","level":2,"score":0.44118648767471313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4234214723110199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.1186431348323822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3534124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3534124","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3534124","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170502224","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-4859","issn":["1550-4859","1550-4867"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3534124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3534124","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3534124","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170502224","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-4859","issn":["1550-4859","1550-4867"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4280532583.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4280532583.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1951189428","https://openalex.org/W2287724167","https://openalex.org/W2337120071","https://openalex.org/W2443240360","https://openalex.org/W2518624726","https://openalex.org/W2526496292","https://openalex.org/W2592873583","https://openalex.org/W2775869941","https://openalex.org/W2792636363","https://openalex.org/W2808011906","https://openalex.org/W2810067257","https://openalex.org/W2886452343","https://openalex.org/W2893265154","https://openalex.org/W2932741641","https://openalex.org/W2946045894","https://openalex.org/W2946618605","https://openalex.org/W2947003210","https://openalex.org/W2950235675","https://openalex.org/W2964268266","https://openalex.org/W2964633461","https://openalex.org/W2965343532","https://openalex.org/W2975052142","https://openalex.org/W3008993478","https://openalex.org/W3014135557","https://openalex.org/W3015797940","https://openalex.org/W3048305439","https://openalex.org/W3089277900","https://openalex.org/W3089991539","https://openalex.org/W3104912275","https://openalex.org/W3106398877","https://openalex.org/W3208953084","https://openalex.org/W3209426098","https://openalex.org/W3210952007","https://openalex.org/W4211177479","https://openalex.org/W4240287518","https://openalex.org/W4301208498"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2150112053","https://openalex.org/W2088819623","https://openalex.org/W3044227382","https://openalex.org/W2153966307","https://openalex.org/W2127042109","https://openalex.org/W2974108955","https://openalex.org/W227277326","https://openalex.org/W3015712019","https://openalex.org/W2158425649","https://openalex.org/W2060671506"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,18],"devise":[1],"new":[2,126],"attacks":[3,37,72],"exploiting":[4],"the":[5,22,54,60,63,68,115,120,130,137,144],"unprotected":[6],"data-plane":[7,31,35,49,145],"signaling":[8,29,36,50,146],"in":[9],"cellular":[10],"IoT":[11],"networks":[12],"(a.k.a.":[13],"both":[14,27,45],"NB-IoT":[15],"and":[16,30,47,103,109],"Cat-M).":[17],"show":[19],"that,":[20],"despite":[21],"deployed":[23],"security":[24,56],"mechanisms":[25],"on":[26],"control-plane":[28],"packet":[32,90],"forwarding,":[33],"novel":[34],"are":[38],"still":[39],"feasible.":[40],"The":[41],"attacker":[42,69],"can":[43,70],"forge":[44],"uplink":[46],"downlink":[48],"messages":[51,147],"that":[52,73],"pass":[53],"current":[55],"checks":[57],"used":[58],"by":[59],"receiver.":[61],"With":[62],"capability":[64],"of":[65,77],"forging":[66],"messages,":[67],"launch":[71],"exhibit":[74],"a":[75,125],"variety":[76],"attack":[78,116],"forms":[79],"beyond":[80],"simplistic":[81],"packet-blasting,":[82],"denial-of-service":[83],"(DoS)":[84],"threats,":[85],"including":[86],"location":[87],"privacy":[88],"breach,":[89],"delivery":[91],"loop,":[92],"prolonged":[93],"data":[94],"delivery,":[95],"throughput":[96],"limiting,":[97],"radio":[98],"resource":[99],"draining,":[100],"connection":[101],"reset,":[102],"multicast":[104],"disabling.":[105],"Our":[106],"testbed":[107],"evaluation":[108],"operational":[110],"network":[111],"validation":[112],"have":[113],"confirmed":[114],"viability.":[117],"To":[118],"combat":[119],"threat,":[121],"we":[122],"further":[123],"propose":[124],"defense":[127],"solution":[128],"within":[129],"3GPP":[131],"C-IoT":[132],"standard":[133],"framework.":[134],"It":[135],"leverages":[136],"synchronized":[138],"timer":[139],"clock":[140],"information":[141],"to":[142],"protect":[143],"with":[148],"low":[149],"overhead.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}