{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293065287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3534116","title":"Graded Refinement, Retrenchment, and Simulation","display_name":"Graded Refinement, Retrenchment, and Simulation","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293065287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3534116"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3534116","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3534116","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pure.manchester.ac.uk/ws/files/216798058/GradedRetRefSim.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075794170","display_name":"Richard Banach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0243-9434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Richard Banach","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075794170"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2758,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57724588,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"69"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7882333397865295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retrenchment","display_name":"Retrenchment","score":0.743667721748352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.6125726699829102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/straddle","display_name":"Straddle","score":0.54267418384552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstraction","display_name":"Abstraction","score":0.5120435357093811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4740856885910034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refinement","display_name":"Refinement","score":0.43411874771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3899271488189697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.3866021931171417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-methods","display_name":"Formal methods","score":0.37029433250427246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1233607828617096}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7882333397865295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101173714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316933","display_name":"Retrenchment","level":2,"score":0.743667721748352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6125726699829102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779117054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1406345","display_name":"Straddle","level":2,"score":0.54267418384552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.5120435357093811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4740856885910034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14331664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3417382","display_name":"Refinement","level":3,"score":0.43411874771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3899271488189697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3866021931171417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75606506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049183","display_name":"Formal methods","level":2,"score":0.37029433250427246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1233607828617096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3534116","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3534116","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/50d381d4-2114-4703-8fb6-68ca26f0c1d8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/50d381d4-2114-4703-8fb6-68ca26f0c1d8","pdf_url":"https://pure.manchester.ac.uk/ws/files/216798058/GradedRetRefSim.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Banach, R 2023, 'Graded Refinement, Retrenchment and Simulation', ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology. https://doi.org/10.1145/3534116","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/50d381d4-2114-4703-8fb6-68ca26f0c1d8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/50d381d4-2114-4703-8fb6-68ca26f0c1d8","pdf_url":"https://pure.manchester.ac.uk/ws/files/216798058/GradedRetRefSim.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Banach, R 2023, 'Graded Refinement, Retrenchment and Simulation', ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology. https://doi.org/10.1145/3534116","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293065287.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293065287.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W416122618","https://openalex.org/W626292909","https://openalex.org/W1487586009","https://openalex.org/W1507692549","https://openalex.org/W1560393601","https://openalex.org/W1564123263","https://openalex.org/W1588335385","https://openalex.org/W1627251346","https://openalex.org/W1853368733","https://openalex.org/W1985464429","https://openalex.org/W1993691278","https://openalex.org/W1995504856","https://openalex.org/W2001570688","https://openalex.org/W2011979623","https://openalex.org/W2025025900","https://openalex.org/W2042388195","https://openalex.org/W2065015198","https://openalex.org/W2069707918","https://openalex.org/W2072689788","https://openalex.org/W2074027094","https://openalex.org/W2074794556","https://openalex.org/W2098505698","https://openalex.org/W2103953153","https://openalex.org/W2109597998","https://openalex.org/W2111619838","https://openalex.org/W2117664102","https://openalex.org/W2128543817","https://openalex.org/W2132107743","https://openalex.org/W2143110421","https://openalex.org/W2157202548","https://openalex.org/W2166233963","https://openalex.org/W2187041056","https://openalex.org/W2328819335","https://openalex.org/W2500079794","https://openalex.org/W2590993945","https://openalex.org/W2885880873","https://openalex.org/W2908352529","https://openalex.org/W2921940340","https://openalex.org/W2987907651","https://openalex.org/W3168224710","https://openalex.org/W3186624155","https://openalex.org/W4205958241","https://openalex.org/W4210450858","https://openalex.org/W4230427076","https://openalex.org/W4234724052","https://openalex.org/W4244819751","https://openalex.org/W4253543873","https://openalex.org/W4254136620","https://openalex.org/W4254354208","https://openalex.org/W4293244147","https://openalex.org/W4301747304","https://openalex.org/W6677355907"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3016037738","https://openalex.org/W1550981657","https://openalex.org/W2117854927","https://openalex.org/W1573191988","https://openalex.org/W2115383281","https://openalex.org/W1988166986","https://openalex.org/W4285200552","https://openalex.org/W1556373104","https://openalex.org/W2217717994","https://openalex.org/W2098799476"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Refinement":[0],"of":[1,11,17,45,55,63,74,101,110,154],"formal":[2,18],"system":[3,12,25,39,71,150],"models":[4],"towards":[5],"implementation":[6],"has":[7,166,175],"been":[8],"a":[9,84,146],"mainstay":[10],"development":[13,44],"since":[14],"the":[15,43,61,64,99,105,152,178],"inception":[16],"and":[19,47,68,80,115,129,173,183],"Correct":[20],"by":[21],"Construction":[22],"approaches":[23,30,77],"to":[24,59,94,125,167,169,176],"development.":[26],"However,":[27],"pure":[28],"refinement":[29],"do":[31],"not":[32,113],"always":[33],"deal":[34,95],"fluently":[35],"with":[36,98,140],"all":[37],"desirable":[38],"requirements.":[40],"This":[41,158],"prompted":[42],"alternatives":[46],"generalizations,":[48],"such":[49],"as":[50],"retrenchment.":[51],"The":[52,87,135],"crucial":[53],"concept":[54],"simulation":[56],"is":[57,92,112,138,163],"key":[58],"judging":[60],"quality":[62],"conformance":[65],"between":[66,107,121,180],"abstract":[67],"more":[69,96],"concrete":[70],"models.":[72],"Reformulations":[73],"these":[75],"theoretical":[76],"are":[78,81],"reprised":[79],"embedded":[82],"in":[83,103,116],"graded":[85],"framework.":[86],"added":[88],"flexibility":[89],"this":[90],"offers":[91,159],"intended":[93],"effectively":[97],"needs":[100],"applications":[102],"which":[104,117],"relationship":[106],"different":[108],"levels":[109],"abstraction":[111,128],"straightforward,":[114],"behavior":[118,182],"can":[119],"oscillate":[120],"conforming":[122],"quite":[123,131],"closely":[124],"an":[126,141],"idealized":[127],"deviating":[130],"far":[132],"from":[133],"it.":[134],"framework":[136],"developed":[137],"confronted":[139],"intentionally":[142],"demanding":[143],"case":[144],"study:":[145],"model":[147],"active":[148],"control":[149],"for":[151],"protection":[153],"buildings":[155],"during":[156],"earthquakes.":[157],"many":[160],"challenges:":[161],"it":[162,165,174],"hybrid/cyber-physical;":[164],"respond":[168],"rather":[170],"unpredictable":[171],"inputs;":[172],"straddle":[177],"gap":[179],"continuous":[181],"discretized/quantized/numerical":[184],"implementation.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-15T09:29:46.208133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
