{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285490371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3533767.3534396","title":"Using pre-trained language models to resolve textual and semantic merge conflicts (experience paper)","display_name":"Using pre-trained language models to resolve textual and semantic merge conflicts (experience paper)","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285490371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3533767.3534396"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3533767.3534396","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3533767.3534396","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100764602","display_name":"Jialu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7114-3372"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jialu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013212213","display_name":"Todd Mytkowicz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Todd Mytkowicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062176205","display_name":"Mike Kaufman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mike Kaufman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045794652","display_name":"Ru\u017eica Piska\u010d","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3267-0776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruzica Piskac","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041084431","display_name":"Shuvendu K. Lahiri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4446-4777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuvendu K. Lahiri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100764602"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.9287,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97837815,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"77","last_page":"88"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8303247690200806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merge","display_name":"Merge (version control)","score":0.7910973429679871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.47140955924987793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merge-algorithm","display_name":"Merge algorithm","score":0.4670471251010895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4528929591178894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4112859070301056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3546052575111389}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8303247690200806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197129107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1921621","display_name":"Merge (version control)","level":2,"score":0.7910973429679871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.47140955924987793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140086265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11341754","display_name":"Merge algorithm","level":4,"score":0.4670471251010895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4528929591178894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4112859070301056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3546052575111389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108094655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181593","display_name":"Sorting algorithm","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111696304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2303697","display_name":"Sorting","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3533767.3534396","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3533767.3534396","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995969252","https://openalex.org/W1997493115","https://openalex.org/W2007267771","https://openalex.org/W2034269885","https://openalex.org/W2049134176","https://openalex.org/W2057432538","https://openalex.org/W2097985262","https://openalex.org/W2116821290","https://openalex.org/W2144160189","https://openalex.org/W2161946348","https://openalex.org/W2167626029","https://openalex.org/W2890081359","https://openalex.org/W2898097209","https://openalex.org/W2979977910","https://openalex.org/W3161811838","https://openalex.org/W3205927779","https://openalex.org/W3206370442","https://openalex.org/W4233909901","https://openalex.org/W4284676027","https://openalex.org/W4296938538"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2369673098","https://openalex.org/W2166247150","https://openalex.org/W2386315983","https://openalex.org/W4243252198","https://openalex.org/W2118300983","https://openalex.org/W2112962394","https://openalex.org/W3137189469","https://openalex.org/W2371138115","https://openalex.org/W4235530921","https://openalex.org/W2158198137"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Program":[0],"merging":[1],"is":[2,22,67,121],"standard":[3],"practice":[4],"when":[5],"developers":[6,72],"integrate":[7],"their":[8],"individual":[9],"changes":[10],"to":[11,40,73,170],"a":[12,24,32,45,129],"common":[13],"code":[14,52,65],"base.":[15],"When":[16],"the":[17,37,50,76,88,114,123,126,158,175,183],"merge":[18,25,34,38,47,93,145,164],"algorithm":[19],"fails,":[20],"this":[21,84],"called":[23],"conflict.":[26],"The":[27],"conflict":[28,35,48,165],"either":[29],"manifests":[30],"as":[31,44,110],"textual":[33,96,142],"where":[36,49],"fails":[39],"produce":[41],"code,":[42],"or":[43,57],"semantic":[46,144,163],"merged":[51],"results":[53,151],"in":[54,116],"compiler":[55],"errors":[56],"broken":[58],"tests.":[59],"Resolving":[60],"these":[61],"conflicts":[62,79,94,146],"for":[63,140,147,167,191,194],"large":[64,104],"projects":[66],"expensive":[68],"because":[69],"it":[70],"requires":[71],"manually":[74],"identify":[75],"sources":[77],"of":[78,90,113,185],"and":[80,97,125,137,143],"correct":[81],"them.":[82],"In":[83],"paper,":[85],"we":[86],"explore":[87],"feasibility":[89],"automatically":[91],"repairing":[92],"(both":[95],"semantic)":[98],"using":[99],"k-shot":[100,138],"learning":[101,139],"with":[102],"pre-trained":[103],"neural":[105],"language":[106,119],"models":[107,120],"(LM)":[108],"such":[109,118],"GPT-3.":[111],"One":[112],"challenges":[115],"leveraging":[117],"fitting":[122],"examples":[124],"queries":[127],"within":[128],"small":[130],"prompt":[131],"(2048":[132],"tokens).":[133],"We":[134],"evaluate":[135],"LMs":[136,156,178],"both":[141],"Microsoft":[148],"Edge.":[149],"Our":[150],"are":[152],"mixed:":[153],"on":[154,162,174],"one-hand,":[155],"provide":[157],"state-of-the-art":[159],"(SOTA)":[160],"performance":[161],"resolution":[166],"Edge":[168],"compared":[169],"earlier":[171],"symbolic":[172],"approaches;":[173],"other":[176],"hand,":[177],"do":[179],"not":[180],"yet":[181],"obviate":[182],"benefits":[184],"special":[186],"purpose":[187],"domain-specific":[188],"languages":[189],"(DSL)":[190],"restricted":[192],"patterns":[193],"program":[195],"synthesis.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}