{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281393087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3533314","title":"Feedback-Directed Metamorphic Testing","display_name":"Feedback-Directed Metamorphic Testing","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281393087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3533314"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3533314","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3533314","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048309076","display_name":"Chang\u2010ai Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3696-6176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chang-Ai Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology Beijing, Haidian District, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology Beijing, Haidian District, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051273381","display_name":"Hepeng Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5507-3053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hepeng Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology Beijing, Haidian District, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology Beijing, Haidian District, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033550181","display_name":"Huai Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57093077","display_name":"Swinburne University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/031rekg67","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huai Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035107113","display_name":"Tsong Yueh Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3578-0994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57093077","display_name":"Swinburne University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/031rekg67","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsong Yueh Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048309076"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5678,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92897196,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7875232696533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.5167571902275085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keyword-driven-testing","display_name":"Keyword-driven testing","score":0.4607047140598297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.45602577924728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4182499349117279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37319138646125793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36158686876296997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.17985203862190247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.175933837890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.07475215196609497}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7875232696533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5167571902275085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169168650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1675637","display_name":"Keyword-driven testing","level":5,"score":0.4607047140598297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.45602577924728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4182499349117279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37319138646125793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36158686876296997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.17985203862190247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.175933837890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.07475215196609497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3533314","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3533314","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2758844080","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61872039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7882679372","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FRF-GF-19-B19","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1104960690","https://openalex.org/W1556779599","https://openalex.org/W1971137495","https://openalex.org/W1982483659","https://openalex.org/W1992639336","https://openalex.org/W2019486892","https://openalex.org/W2027243493","https://openalex.org/W2032401275","https://openalex.org/W2034653530","https://openalex.org/W2041713059","https://openalex.org/W2042236423","https://openalex.org/W2061227290","https://openalex.org/W2084558680","https://openalex.org/W2091093620","https://openalex.org/W2097223288","https://openalex.org/W2097305086","https://openalex.org/W2103184699","https://openalex.org/W2106570504","https://openalex.org/W2107484131","https://openalex.org/W2107709519","https://openalex.org/W2138428785","https://openalex.org/W2162036145","https://openalex.org/W2324595780","https://openalex.org/W2327714942","https://openalex.org/W2428841090","https://openalex.org/W2519881488","https://openalex.org/W2608239929","https://openalex.org/W2757104921","https://openalex.org/W2769569256","https://openalex.org/W2797884775","https://openalex.org/W2865298191","https://openalex.org/W2888466188","https://openalex.org/W2963327228","https://openalex.org/W2969812409","https://openalex.org/W2994855135","https://openalex.org/W2999308857","https://openalex.org/W3007157104","https://openalex.org/W3008797115","https://openalex.org/W3029368332","https://openalex.org/W3035507081","https://openalex.org/W3043739596","https://openalex.org/W3044926166","https://openalex.org/W3090988182","https://openalex.org/W3104664063","https://openalex.org/W3105041635","https://openalex.org/W3153236199","https://openalex.org/W3193570920","https://openalex.org/W4205113694","https://openalex.org/W4253421990","https://openalex.org/W4253985835","https://openalex.org/W4254332277","https://openalex.org/W6754060040","https://openalex.org/W6811215404"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4224009465","https://openalex.org/W4286629047","https://openalex.org/W4306321456","https://openalex.org/W4285260836","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4205958290","https://openalex.org/W3209574120"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,35,84,87,103,142,149,154,178,196,229,235,245,256,269],"past":[2],"decade,":[3],"metamorphic":[4,41,51,106,117,145,166,181,217,231,259,274],"testing":[5,52,107,146,218,232,275,282],"has":[6],"gained":[7],"rapidly":[8],"increasing":[9],"attention":[10],"from":[11,68,108],"both":[12],"academia":[13],"and":[14,47,91,183,207,224,271],"industry,":[15],"particularly":[16],"thanks":[17],"to":[18,100,114,175,194,267],"its":[19],"high":[20],"efficacy":[21,270],"on":[22,124,200],"revealing":[23],"real-life":[24],"software":[25,45,281],"faults":[26],"in":[27,153],"a":[28,38,56,77,161,264],"wide":[29],"variety":[30],"of":[31,37,40,89,105,144,171,180,185,238,247,258,273],"application":[32],"domains.":[33],"On":[34],"basis":[36],"set":[39],"relations":[42,182],"among":[43],"multiple":[44],"inputs":[46],"their":[48],"expected":[49],"outputs,":[50],"not":[53],"only":[54],"provides":[55,263],"test":[57,66,73,78,93,127,134,155,172,187,222,251],"case":[58,128],"generation":[59,129],"strategy":[60],"by":[61,147],"constructing":[62],"new":[63,162,265],"(or":[64,71],"follow-up)":[65],"cases":[67,223],"some":[69],"original":[70],"source)":[72],"cases,":[74],"but":[75],"also":[76],"result":[79],"verification":[80],"mechanism":[81],"through":[82],"checking":[83],"relationship":[85],"between":[86],"outputs":[88],"source":[90,133,186],"follow-up":[92],"cases.":[94,135,188],"Many":[95],"efforts":[96],"have":[97],"been":[98],"made":[99],"further":[101],"improve":[102,268],"cost-effectiveness":[104,143,257],"different":[109],"perspectives.":[110],"Some":[111],"studies":[112,121],"attempted":[113],"identify":[115],"\u201cgood\u201d":[116],"relations,":[118],"while":[119],"other":[120,280],"were":[122],"focused":[123],"applying":[125],"effective":[126],"strategies":[130],"especially":[131],"for":[132,233],"In":[136],"this":[137],"article,":[138],"we":[139,159],"propose":[140],"improving":[141],"leveraging":[148],"feedback":[150,248],"information":[151,174,249],"obtained":[152],"execution":[156,173,252],"process.":[157],"Consequently,":[158],"develop":[160],"approach,":[163],"namely":[164],"feedback-directed":[165,216],"testing,":[167],"which":[168],"makes":[169],"use":[170,220,246],"dynamically":[176],"adjust":[177],"selection":[179,184],"We":[189],"conduct":[190],"an":[191],"empirical":[192,212],"study":[193],"evaluate":[195],"proposed":[197],"approach":[198],"based":[199],"four":[201],"laboratory":[202],"programs,":[203],"one":[204,208],"GNU":[205],"program,":[206],"industry":[209],"program.":[210],"The":[211],"results":[213],"show":[214],"that":[215,244],"can":[219],"fewer":[221],"take":[225],"less":[226],"time":[227],"than":[228],"traditional":[230],"detecting":[234],"same":[236],"number":[237],"faults.":[239],"It":[240],"is":[241],"clearly":[242],"demonstrated":[243],"about":[250],"does":[253],"help":[254],"enhance":[255],"testing.":[260],"Our":[261],"work":[262],"perspective":[266],"applicability":[272],"as":[276,278],"well":[277],"many":[279],"techniques.":[283]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-28T08:17:26.163206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
