{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285676422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531437.3539723","title":"Directed Acyclic Graph-based Neural Networks for Tunable Low-Power Computer Vision","display_name":"Directed Acyclic Graph-based Neural Networks for Tunable Low-Power Computer Vision","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285676422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531437.3539723"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3531437.3539723","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531437.3539723","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ecommons.luc.edu/cs_facpubs/316","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091813504","display_name":"Abhinav Goel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1827-1389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abhinav Goel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019938504","display_name":"Caleb Tung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0513-0528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caleb Tung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021626654","display_name":"Nicholas Eliopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1692-8586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nick Eliopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050750924","display_name":"Xiao Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1128-4099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074177185","display_name":"George K. Thiruvathukal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0452-5571"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1925986","display_name":"Loyola University Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6x2g63","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1925986"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George K. Thiruvathukal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Loyola University Chicago, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Loyola University Chicago, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1925986"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013948143","display_name":"James C. Davis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2495-686X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James C. Davis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016258301","display_name":"Yung-Hsiang Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yung-Hsiang Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091813504"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3062,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5404487,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8294882774353027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directed-acyclic-graph","display_name":"Directed acyclic graph","score":0.7043935060501099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.5622152090072632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5225774049758911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4739432632923126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4642999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.43754255771636963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.42503392696380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.41514474153518677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.4137193262577057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.38135412335395813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37002041935920715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3671550750732422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.32856225967407227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.265563428401947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.11241751909255981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.10672527551651001}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8294882774353027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74197172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195339","display_name":"Directed acyclic graph","level":2,"score":0.7043935060501099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.5622152090072632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5225774049758911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4739432632923126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4642999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.43754255771636963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.42503392696380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.41514474153518677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.4137193262577057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.38135412335395813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37002041935920715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3671550750732422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.32856225967407227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.265563428401947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.11241751909255981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.10672527551651001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3531437.3539723","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531437.3539723","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ecommons.luc.edu:cs_facpubs-1313","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ecommons.luc.edu/cs_facpubs/316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402030","display_name":"Loyola eCommons (Loyola University of Chicago)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1925986","host_organization_name":"Loyola University Chicago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1925986"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computer Science: Faculty Publications and Other Works","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ecommons.luc.edu:cs_facpubs-1313","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ecommons.luc.edu/cs_facpubs/316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402030","display_name":"Loyola eCommons (Loyola University of Chicago)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1925986","host_organization_name":"Loyola University Chicago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1925986"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computer Science: Faculty Publications and Other Works","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1302837576","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"OAC-2107230","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2349040998","display_name":"CCRI: Planning: Collaborative Research: Planning to Develop a Low-Power Computer Vision Platform to Enhance Research in Computing Systems","funder_award_id":"1925713","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3818114722","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2107020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4006372186","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"OAC-2104709","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4345640852","display_name":"CDSE: Collaborative: Cyber Infrastructure to Enable Computer Vision Applications at the Edge Using Automated Contextual Analysis","funder_award_id":"2104709","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5364245505","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"OAC-2107020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G902247565","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2107230","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2060322444","https://openalex.org/W2066941820","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2529958663","https://openalex.org/W2793986675","https://openalex.org/W2951287298","https://openalex.org/W2967733054","https://openalex.org/W2974859516","https://openalex.org/W3040420421","https://openalex.org/W3093796538","https://openalex.org/W3093859587","https://openalex.org/W3101589486","https://openalex.org/W3187614144","https://openalex.org/W3191593146","https://openalex.org/W3204336764","https://openalex.org/W4226277904","https://openalex.org/W6749722198","https://openalex.org/W6756944905","https://openalex.org/W6761538906","https://openalex.org/W6762585180","https://openalex.org/W6798014393","https://openalex.org/W6992558384"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3176282186","https://openalex.org/W2973622361","https://openalex.org/W4387489555","https://openalex.org/W4285818394","https://openalex.org/W4293053895","https://openalex.org/W4395024198","https://openalex.org/W4288024917","https://openalex.org/W2983364019","https://openalex.org/W2998183476","https://openalex.org/W3215372595"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Processing":[0],"visual":[1],"data":[2],"on":[3,19,33,125],"mobile":[4],"devices":[5,128],"has":[6],"many":[7],"applications,":[8],"e.g.,":[9],"emergency":[10],"response":[11],"and":[12,50,66,129,159],"tracking.":[13],"State-of-the-art":[14],"computer":[15],"vision":[16],"techniques":[17,38,54],"rely":[18],"large":[20],"Deep":[21],"Neural":[22],"Networks":[23],"(DNNs)":[24],"that":[25,72,104,108,131],"are":[26],"usually":[27],"too":[28],"power-hungry":[29],"to":[30,93,112,116,119,141],"be":[31,56,84,110],"deployed":[32],"resource-constrained":[34],"edge":[35,60,127],"devices.":[36],"Many":[37],"improve":[39,120],"DNN":[40,77],"efficiency":[41,51],"of":[42,52,135,144],"DNNs":[43],"by":[44],"compromising":[45],"accuracy.":[46,121],"However,":[47],"the":[48,80,106,114,133,136,139,145,164],"accuracy":[49,67,140,148,166],"these":[53],"cannot":[55],"adapted":[57],"for":[58],"diverse":[59],"applications":[61],"with":[62],"different":[63],"hardware":[64],"constraints":[65],"requirements.":[68],"This":[69],"paper":[70],"demonstrates":[71],"a":[73,87,101,117],"recent,":[74],"efficient":[75],"tree-based":[76],"architecture,":[78],"called":[79],"hierarchical":[81],"DNN,":[82],"can":[83],"converted":[85],"into":[86],"Directed":[88],"Acyclic":[89],"Graph-based":[90],"(DAG)":[91],"architecture":[92],"provide":[94],"tunable":[95],"accuracy-efficiency":[96,171],"tradeoff":[97],"options.":[98],"We":[99,122],"propose":[100],"systematic":[102],"method":[103],"identifies":[105],"connections":[107],"must":[109],"added":[111],"convert":[113],"tree":[115],"DAG":[118,137],"conduct":[123],"experiments":[124],"popular":[126],"show":[130],"increasing":[132],"connectivity":[134],"improves":[138],"within":[142],"1%":[143],"existing":[146],"high":[147,165],"techniques.":[149],"Our":[150],"approach":[151],"requires":[152],"93%":[153],"less":[154,157],"memory,":[155],"43%":[156],"energy,":[158],"49%":[160],"fewer":[161],"operations":[162],"than":[163],"techniques,":[167],"thus":[168],"providing":[169],"more":[170],"configurations.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}