{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4224272714","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531328","title":"Two-Stage Competitive Particle Swarm Optimization Based Timing-Driven X-Routing for IC Design Under Smart Manufacturing","display_name":"Two-Stage Competitive Particle Swarm Optimization Based Timing-Driven X-Routing for IC Design Under Smart Manufacturing","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4224272714","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531328"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3531328","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531328","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170305","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems","issn_l":"2158-656X","issn":["2158-656X","2158-6578"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045753829","display_name":"Genggeng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3099-4371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Genggeng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3099-4371","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015640965","display_name":"Ruping Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0911-2327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruping Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0911-2327","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043454605","display_name":"Saijuan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1159-9253"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107712","display_name":"Fujian Business University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mc04w21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107712"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saijuan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fujian Business University, Fuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1159-9253","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujian Business University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089098757","display_name":"Yuhan Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0246-3653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhan Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0246-3653","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029921481","display_name":"Wenzhong Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6368-2414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenzhong Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6368-2414","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032910989","display_name":"Yeh-Cheng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7793-1098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yeh-Cheng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Davis, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7793-1098","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Davis, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100778693","display_name":"Guolong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4243-4782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guolong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4243-4782","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.265,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49541599,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossover","display_name":"Crossover","score":0.8107335567474365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.7213557362556458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.6432695388793945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5268555879592896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discretization","display_name":"Discretization","score":0.47825658321380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.4563097059726715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.4442687928676605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steiner-tree-problem","display_name":"Steiner tree problem","score":0.4338603615760803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic","display_name":"Metaheuristic","score":0.42344871163368225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Multi-swarm optimization","score":0.41488149762153625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1895369291305542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10822001099586487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.08370989561080933}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122507166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628906","display_name":"Crossover","level":2,"score":0.8107335567474365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.7213557362556458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6432695388793945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5268555879592896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73000952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007827","display_name":"Discretization","level":2,"score":0.47825658321380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4563097059726715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.4442687928676605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76220878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1764144","display_name":"Steiner tree problem","level":2,"score":0.4338603615760803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.42344871163368225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122357587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934508","display_name":"Multi-swarm optimization","level":3,"score":0.41488149762153625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1895369291305542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10822001099586487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.08370989561080933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3531328","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531328","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170305","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems","issn_l":"2158-656X","issn":["2158-656X","2158-6578"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4948621847","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GXRC-20060","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325408","funder_display_name":"Fuzhou University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G711401021","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61877010 and 11501114","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325408","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1833634424","https://openalex.org/W1978116688","https://openalex.org/W1982719471","https://openalex.org/W1984323076","https://openalex.org/W1990679103","https://openalex.org/W2013328386","https://openalex.org/W2025846977","https://openalex.org/W2060497355","https://openalex.org/W2072005378","https://openalex.org/W2078962869","https://openalex.org/W2080879057","https://openalex.org/W2082029512","https://openalex.org/W2093579904","https://openalex.org/W2098662630","https://openalex.org/W2104017154","https://openalex.org/W2115416999","https://openalex.org/W2115973883","https://openalex.org/W2123808725","https://openalex.org/W2126105956","https://openalex.org/W2132073981","https://openalex.org/W2152195021","https://openalex.org/W2183043622","https://openalex.org/W2412406843","https://openalex.org/W2601486059","https://openalex.org/W2625776493","https://openalex.org/W2766133347","https://openalex.org/W2788276261","https://openalex.org/W2790830285","https://openalex.org/W2805454539","https://openalex.org/W2806920391","https://openalex.org/W2892060055","https://openalex.org/W2914161519","https://openalex.org/W2921086826","https://openalex.org/W2932748297","https://openalex.org/W2937055339","https://openalex.org/W2952652832","https://openalex.org/W2962947982","https://openalex.org/W2980548235","https://openalex.org/W2986396660","https://openalex.org/W3001649665","https://openalex.org/W3011645935","https://openalex.org/W3095822818","https://openalex.org/W3098776158","https://openalex.org/W3109078334","https://openalex.org/W3120609170","https://openalex.org/W3130810580","https://openalex.org/W3134125492","https://openalex.org/W3138483720","https://openalex.org/W3141323038","https://openalex.org/W3152719968","https://openalex.org/W3172511692","https://openalex.org/W3186634981","https://openalex.org/W3200224892","https://openalex.org/W3204141527","https://openalex.org/W3208664122","https://openalex.org/W3216031235","https://openalex.org/W4200165673","https://openalex.org/W4226028064","https://openalex.org/W4232603692"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006324351","https://openalex.org/W2965421953","https://openalex.org/W2349895019","https://openalex.org/W2116074880","https://openalex.org/W2950423922","https://openalex.org/W2070977815","https://openalex.org/W2121780490","https://openalex.org/W2137136732","https://openalex.org/W2161494499","https://openalex.org/W2972744589"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0,25],"timing":[1,50,202],"delay":[2,51,203],"becomes":[3],"a":[4,12,70,103,132,190],"critical":[5],"issue":[6],"in":[7,128],"chip":[8],"performance,":[9],"there":[10],"is":[11,107,136,146],"burning":[13],"desire":[14],"for":[15,30,52],"IC":[16],"design":[17],"under":[18],"smart":[19],"manufacturing":[20],"to":[21,138,148,158,177],"optimize":[22],"the":[23,26,33,36,41,46,61,88,111,117,129,143,159,162,166,172,180],"delay.":[24],"best":[27],"connection":[28],"model":[29],"multi-terminal":[31],"nets,":[32],"wirelength":[34,194],"and":[35,94,113,123,153,168,195,199],"maximum":[37,196],"source-to-sink":[38,197],"pathlength":[39],"of":[40,49,64,116,161,171],"Steiner":[42,73],"minimum":[43],"tree":[44],"are":[45,175],"decisive":[47],"factors":[48],"routing.":[53],"In":[54],"addition,":[55],"considering":[56],"that":[57,186],"X-routing":[58,72],"can":[59,188],"get":[60],"utmost":[62],"out":[63],"routing":[65],"resources,":[66],"this":[67],"article":[68],"proposes":[69],"Timing-Driven":[71],"Minimum":[74],"Tree":[75],"(TD-XSMT)":[76],"algorithm":[77,93,174],"based":[78],"on":[79],"two-stage":[80,104],"competitive":[81],"particle":[82,90,118,150],"swarm":[83,91],"optimization.":[84,204],"This":[85],"work":[86],"utilizes":[87],"multi-objective":[89],"optimization":[92],"redesigns":[95],"its":[96,100],"framework,":[97],"thus":[98],"improving":[99],"performance.":[101],"First,":[102],"learning":[105,120,151],"strategy":[106,135],"presented,":[108],"which":[109],"balances":[110],"exploration":[112],"exploitation":[114],"capabilities":[115],"by":[119],"edge":[121],"structures":[122],"pseudo-Steiner":[124],"point":[125],"choices.":[126],"Especially":[127],"second":[130],"stage,":[131],"hybrid":[133],"crossover":[134,169],"designed":[137],"guarantee":[139],"convergence":[140],"quality.":[141],"Second,":[142],"competition":[144],"mechanism":[145],"adopted":[147],"select":[149],"objects":[152],"enhance":[154],"diversity.":[155],"Finally,":[156],"according":[157],"characteristics":[160],"discrete":[163],"TD-XSMT":[164],"problem,":[165],"mutation":[167],"operators":[170],"genetic":[173],"used":[176],"effectively":[178],"discretize":[179],"proposed":[181],"algorithm.":[182],"Experimental":[183],"results":[184],"reveal":[185],"TSCPSO-TD-XSMT":[187],"obtain":[189],"smooth":[191],"trade-off":[192],"between":[193],"pathlength,":[198],"achieve":[200],"distinguished":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
