{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283156811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531146.3533158","title":"The Fallacy of AI Functionality","display_name":"The Fallacy of AI Functionality","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283156811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531146.3533158"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3531146.3533158","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531146.3533158","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3531146.3533158","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608463","display_name":"2022 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 ACM Conference on Fairness Accountability and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3531146.3533158","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011015504","display_name":"Inioluwa Deborah Raji","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Inioluwa Deborah Raji","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Berkeley, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010643059","display_name":"I. Elizabeth Kumar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175594653","display_name":"John Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ct41q97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175594653"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Elizabeth Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175594653"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050257943","display_name":"Aaron Horowitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7931-8756"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298002456","display_name":"American Civil Liberties Union","ror":"https://ror.org/01rjbvz57","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298002456"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aaron Horowitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["American Civil Liberties Union, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American Civil Liberties Union, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298002456"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088974481","display_name":"Andrew D. Selbst","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Selbst","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011015504"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.3355,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":210,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99640288,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"959","last_page":"972"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9366999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fallacy","display_name":"Fallacy","score":0.7525993585586548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm","display_name":"Harm","score":0.7387557625770569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6807242035865784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5266150236129761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.46518319845199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.4326803684234619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4187777042388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taxonomy","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","score":0.41857901215553284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.35724401473999023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.19971755146980286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.19111132621765137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.13176217675209045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.10672131180763245}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781035248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186150","display_name":"Fallacy","level":2,"score":0.7525993585586548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.7387557625770569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6807242035865784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5266150236129761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46518319845199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.4326803684234619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4187777042388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58642233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.41857901215553284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.35724401473999023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.19971755146980286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.19111132621765137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.13176217675209045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.10672131180763245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3531146.3533158","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531146.3533158","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3531146.3533158","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608463","display_name":"2022 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 ACM Conference on Fairness Accountability and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2206.09511","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2206.09511","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2206.09511","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3531146.3533158","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531146.3533158","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3531146.3533158","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608463","display_name":"2022 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 ACM Conference on Fairness Accountability and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327705","display_name":"Mozilla Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01y8r3379"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283156811.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283156811.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":139,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W122665571","https://openalex.org/W560714873","https://openalex.org/W616847437","https://openalex.org/W1489423786","https://openalex.org/W1525798514","https://openalex.org/W1545608014","https://openalex.org/W1819662813","https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W1983582841","https://openalex.org/W2014352947","https://openalex.org/W2080785044","https://openalex.org/W2132311479","https://openalex.org/W2189162242","https://openalex.org/W2339873688","https://openalex.org/W2435692120","https://openalex.org/W2518891010","https://openalex.org/W2582721310","https://openalex.org/W2595882997","https://openalex.org/W2622186323","https://openalex.org/W2726816714","https://openalex.org/W2788481061","https://openalex.org/W2791872552","https://openalex.org/W2794573283","https://openalex.org/W2794609696","https://openalex.org/W2797426705","https://openalex.org/W2888109941","https://openalex.org/W2888159079","https://openalex.org/W2897702578","https://openalex.org/W2898664788","https://openalex.org/W2899570017","https://openalex.org/W2900565551","https://openalex.org/W2904615467","https://openalex.org/W2910548926","https://openalex.org/W2912155051","https://openalex.org/W2913700606","https://openalex.org/W2922158773","https://openalex.org/W2926101387","https://openalex.org/W2929545329","https://openalex.org/W2936345896","https://openalex.org/W2943238809","https://openalex.org/W2947415936","https://openalex.org/W2953522645","https://openalex.org/W2962059918","https://openalex.org/W2962951800","https://openalex.org/W2963917042","https://openalex.org/W2969958763","https://openalex.org/W2970433196","https://openalex.org/W2970850777","https://openalex.org/W2971709279","https://openalex.org/W2994816012","https://openalex.org/W2995006168","https://openalex.org/W2995528912","https://openalex.org/W2997335426","https://openalex.org/W3000560416","https://openalex.org/W3001807593","https://openalex.org/W3004346089","https://openalex.org/W3004528080","https://openalex.org/W3004595517","https://openalex.org/W3008058947","https://openalex.org/W3010611814","https://openalex.org/W3010919171","https://openalex.org/W3011721937","https://openalex.org/W3013149459","https://openalex.org/W3013300757","https://openalex.org/W3013681994","https://openalex.org/W3014524604","https://openalex.org/W3016019826","https://openalex.org/W3025030098","https://openalex.org/W3031135337","https://openalex.org/W3034723486","https://openalex.org/W3040002795","https://openalex.org/W3041198477","https://openalex.org/W3045417466","https://openalex.org/W3086667591","https://openalex.org/W3092323704","https://openalex.org/W3092775028","https://openalex.org/W3095651076","https://openalex.org/W3095809712","https://openalex.org/W3101206394","https://openalex.org/W3101243562","https://openalex.org/W3101748278","https://openalex.org/W3119527628","https://openalex.org/W3123686114","https://openalex.org/W3124128427","https://openalex.org/W3124185168","https://openalex.org/W3124443940","https://openalex.org/W3124710103","https://openalex.org/W3124739569","https://openalex.org/W3125258411","https://openalex.org/W3128485057","https://openalex.org/W3129981127","https://openalex.org/W3132576659","https://openalex.org/W3133702157","https://openalex.org/W3133759846","https://openalex.org/W3133874049","https://openalex.org/W3135322202","https://openalex.org/W3136552952","https://openalex.org/W3136933888","https://openalex.org/W3136960503","https://openalex.org/W3137173238","https://openalex.org/W3143784018","https://openalex.org/W3152436735","https://openalex.org/W3156216725","https://openalex.org/W3173565726","https://openalex.org/W3174786846","https://openalex.org/W3180969989","https://openalex.org/W3183299076","https://openalex.org/W3194650281","https://openalex.org/W3197825046","https://openalex.org/W3197840494","https://openalex.org/W3198313108","https://openalex.org/W3198690080","https://openalex.org/W3201316762","https://openalex.org/W3206261960","https://openalex.org/W3217005382","https://openalex.org/W4205455952","https://openalex.org/W4206189697","https://openalex.org/W4220700435","https://openalex.org/W4225786111","https://openalex.org/W4233535930","https://openalex.org/W4235002229","https://openalex.org/W4240496460","https://openalex.org/W4242249072","https://openalex.org/W4242847114","https://openalex.org/W4249697735","https://openalex.org/W4250486670","https://openalex.org/W4252306240","https://openalex.org/W4286850188","https://openalex.org/W4286977100","https://openalex.org/W4287042819","https://openalex.org/W4288020833","https://openalex.org/W4288083705","https://openalex.org/W4288083801","https://openalex.org/W4300071243","https://openalex.org/W4385468994","https://openalex.org/W4394645559","https://openalex.org/W6638208828","https://openalex.org/W6753905428","https://openalex.org/W6789866913"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1624665321","https://openalex.org/W2792713223","https://openalex.org/W2078574636","https://openalex.org/W4238826761","https://openalex.org/W2904185404","https://openalex.org/W2332679904","https://openalex.org/W182927766","https://openalex.org/W2137828382","https://openalex.org/W2364158331","https://openalex.org/W2094855206"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deployed":[0],"AI":[1,86,119],"systems":[2],"often":[3,45,99],"do":[4],"not":[5],"work.":[6],"They":[7],"can":[8],"be":[9],"constructed":[10],"haphazardly,":[11],"deployed":[12],"indiscriminately,":[13],"and":[14,24,36,94,101],"promoted":[15],"deceptively.":[16],"However,":[17],"despite":[18],"this":[19],"reality,":[20],"scholars,":[21],"the":[22,48,65],"press,":[23],"policymakers":[25],"pay":[26],"too":[27],"little":[28],"attention":[29],"to":[30,34,80,92],"functionality.":[31],"This":[32],"leads":[33],"technical":[35],"policy":[37,93,120],"solutions":[38],"focused":[39],"on":[40],"\u201cethical\u201d":[41],"or":[42,57],"value-aligned":[43],"deployments,":[44],"skipping":[46],"over":[47],"prior":[49],"question":[50],"of":[51,67,70,77,84],"whether":[52],"a":[53,75,82,117,124],"given":[54],"system":[55],"functions,":[56],"provides":[58],"any":[59],"benefits":[60],"at":[61],"all.":[62],"To":[63],"describe":[64],"harms":[66],"various":[68],"types":[69],"functionality":[71,87,107,115],"failures,":[72],"we":[73],"analyze":[74],"set":[76],"case":[78],"studies":[79],"create":[81],"taxonomy":[83],"known":[85],"issues.":[88],"We":[89,112],"then":[90],"point":[91],"organizational":[95],"responses":[96],"that":[97,114],"are":[98],"overlooked":[100],"become":[102],"more":[103],"readily":[104],"available":[105],"once":[106],"is":[108,116],"drawn":[109],"into":[110],"focus.":[111],"argue":[113],"meaningful":[118],"challenge,":[121],"operating":[122],"as":[123],"necessary":[125],"first":[126],"step":[127],"towards":[128],"protecting":[129],"affected":[130],"communities":[131],"from":[132],"algorithmic":[133],"harm.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":89},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":63},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-25T08:17:42.794288","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
