{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4280615754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531146.3533154","title":"Multi-disciplinary fairness considerations in machine learning for clinical trials","display_name":"Multi-disciplinary fairness considerations in machine learning for clinical trials","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4280615754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531146.3533154"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3531146.3533154","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531146.3533154","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3531146.3533154","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608463","display_name":"2022 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 ACM Conference on Fairness Accountability and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3531146.3533154","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021933999","display_name":"Isabel Chien","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7207-8526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Isabel Chien","raw_affiliation_strings":["Machine Learning Group, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Learning Group, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075083253","display_name":"Nina Deliu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2501-8795"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134973","display_name":"MRC Biostatistics Unit","ror":"https://ror.org/046vje122","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210134973","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}],"countries":["GB","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nina Deliu","raw_affiliation_strings":["MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom and MEMOTEF Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom and MEMOTEF Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134973","https://openalex.org/I861853513","https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108284020","display_name":"Richard E. Turner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0066-0984"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Turner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Machine Learning Group, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Learning Group, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042278493","display_name":"Adrian Weller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1915-7158"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128584","display_name":"The Alan Turing Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/035dkdb55","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Weller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Machine Learning Group, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom and The Alan Turing Institute, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Learning Group, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom and The Alan Turing Institute, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584","https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019616317","display_name":"Sof\u00eda S. Villar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7755-2637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134973","display_name":"MRC Biostatistics Unit","ror":"https://ror.org/046vje122","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210134973","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sofia Villar","raw_affiliation_strings":["MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134973","https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000443214","display_name":"Niki Kilbertus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8718-4305"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018134672","display_name":"Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/00cfam450","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I3018134672"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niki Kilbertus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Munich, Germany and Helmholtz Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich, Germany and Helmholtz Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018134672","https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021933999"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0815,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95238095,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"906","last_page":"924"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10804","display_name":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical trial","score":0.6987752914428711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.5990763306617737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5707657337188721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5330039262771606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5135376453399658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5036157965660095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equity","display_name":"Equity (law)","score":0.49392586946487427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.39177289605140686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.3416464328765869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2781943678855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.13239923119544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10166335105895996}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.6987752914428711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5990763306617737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5707657337188721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5330039262771606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5135376453399658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5036157965660095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199728807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578557","display_name":"Equity (law)","level":2,"score":0.49392586946487427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.39177289605140686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.3416464328765869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2781943678855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.13239923119544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10166335105895996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3531146.3533154","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531146.3533154","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3531146.3533154","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608463","display_name":"2022 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 ACM Conference on Fairness Accountability and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.uniroma1.it:11573/1653956","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11573/1653956","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196107","display_name":"IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:opus-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de:65620","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=65620","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196115","display_name":"Site cant be reached","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"In:. 2022. 906-924 (ACM International Conference Proceeding Series)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:push-zb.helmholtz-munich.de:65620","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://push-zb.helmholtz-munich.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=65620","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055352","display_name":"PuSH - Publication Server of Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"In:. 2022. 906-924 (ACM International Conference Proceeding Series)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3531146.3533154","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531146.3533154","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3531146.3533154","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608463","display_name":"2022 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 ACM Conference on Fairness Accountability and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G139696651","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(BRC-1215-20014)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336709","funder_display_name":"NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1465635051","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BRC-1215-2001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","funder_display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1577515033","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/V025279/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1895122974","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BRC-1215-20014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","funder_display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3533477444","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/T005637/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5309236915","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BRC-1215-20014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336709","funder_display_name":"NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6058803565","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BRC-1215-20014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320273","funder_display_name":"University of Cambridge"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8232889213","display_name":"Scalable Qubit Arrays for Quantum Computing and Optimisation","funder_award_id":"EP/T005386/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308943","display_name":"Microsoft Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0187kwz08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320273","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336709","display_name":"NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4280615754.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4280615754.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":157,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516497825","https://openalex.org/W1537383030","https://openalex.org/W1552103368","https://openalex.org/W1783920313","https://openalex.org/W1805776597","https://openalex.org/W1819662813","https://openalex.org/W1862627421","https://openalex.org/W1916369423","https://openalex.org/W1972550237","https://openalex.org/W1974075673","https://openalex.org/W1986376095","https://openalex.org/W1989367602","https://openalex.org/W1993974081","https://openalex.org/W1995148143","https://openalex.org/W1996659910","https://openalex.org/W1997065532","https://openalex.org/W2001299659","https://openalex.org/W2001371486","https://openalex.org/W2006447892","https://openalex.org/W2009551863","https://openalex.org/W2014675545","https://openalex.org/W2015824906","https://openalex.org/W2022289469","https://openalex.org/W2022817684","https://openalex.org/W2039522160","https://openalex.org/W2042211638","https://openalex.org/W2043990618","https://openalex.org/W2044439361","https://openalex.org/W2045119179","https://openalex.org/W2047150424","https://openalex.org/W2047248790","https://openalex.org/W2059360944","https://openalex.org/W2066787199","https://openalex.org/W2067474275","https://openalex.org/W2068518169","https://openalex.org/W2079642917","https://openalex.org/W2080515294","https://openalex.org/W2093492017","https://openalex.org/W2094497465","https://openalex.org/W2097494888","https://openalex.org/W2097969668","https://openalex.org/W2098262397","https://openalex.org/W2098928119","https://openalex.org/W2100960835","https://openalex.org/W2106665921","https://openalex.org/W2107602010","https://openalex.org/W2109453122","https://openalex.org/W2110370803","https://openalex.org/W2110983945","https://openalex.org/W2111188131","https://openalex.org/W2120729896","https://openalex.org/W2126528747","https://openalex.org/W2129315707","https://openalex.org/W2132278422","https://openalex.org/W2138162199","https://openalex.org/W2144024999","https://openalex.org/W2144204711","https://openalex.org/W2145810626","https://openalex.org/W2150060517","https://openalex.org/W2159111852","https://openalex.org/W2161283095","https://openalex.org/W2165563020","https://openalex.org/W2167985070","https://openalex.org/W2173572484","https://openalex.org/W2208550830","https://openalex.org/W2244857103","https://openalex.org/W2280408067","https://openalex.org/W2280871286","https://openalex.org/W2305754340","https://openalex.org/W2316970929","https://openalex.org/W2337688041","https://openalex.org/W2344973176","https://openalex.org/W2409304069","https://openalex.org/W2468673334","https://openalex.org/W2469201213","https://openalex.org/W2526051401","https://openalex.org/W2590861467","https://openalex.org/W2741416490","https://openalex.org/W2764809058","https://openalex.org/W2768114048","https://openalex.org/W2769667838","https://openalex.org/W2771013664","https://openalex.org/W2781904184","https://openalex.org/W2782973629","https://openalex.org/W2789970635","https://openalex.org/W2791498037","https://openalex.org/W2791886356","https://openalex.org/W2897154134","https://openalex.org/W2902527795","https://openalex.org/W2902802452","https://openalex.org/W2906752223","https://openalex.org/W2910130757","https://openalex.org/W2914514892","https://openalex.org/W2918341242","https://openalex.org/W2919193235","https://openalex.org/W2934399013","https://openalex.org/W2953769712","https://openalex.org/W2962925443","https://openalex.org/W2963116854","https://openalex.org/W2964031043","https://openalex.org/W2969742487","https://openalex.org/W2974267758","https://openalex.org/W2974719739","https://openalex.org/W2975956387","https://openalex.org/W2981158081","https://openalex.org/W2981451251","https://openalex.org/W2981869278","https://openalex.org/W2982580298","https://openalex.org/W2983623050","https://openalex.org/W3006751454","https://openalex.org/W3009524190","https://openalex.org/W3009885589","https://openalex.org/W3011079674","https://openalex.org/W3012592703","https://openalex.org/W3012945277","https://openalex.org/W3015348536","https://openalex.org/W3027630905","https://openalex.org/W3030671780","https://openalex.org/W3035968149","https://openalex.org/W3037860585","https://openalex.org/W3038368958","https://openalex.org/W3043023066","https://openalex.org/W3044944103","https://openalex.org/W3045238936","https://openalex.org/W3046113390","https://openalex.org/W3080627676","https://openalex.org/W3084438218","https://openalex.org/W3087893815","https://openalex.org/W3092089696","https://openalex.org/W3100265598","https://openalex.org/W3107174963","https://openalex.org/W3111737151","https://openalex.org/W3111955369","https://openalex.org/W3125365359","https://openalex.org/W3134172846","https://openalex.org/W3146985724","https://openalex.org/W3152436735","https://openalex.org/W3152867970","https://openalex.org/W3153280783","https://openalex.org/W3165758958","https://openalex.org/W3181414820","https://openalex.org/W3191184073","https://openalex.org/W3191249477","https://openalex.org/W3195505129","https://openalex.org/W3197781780","https://openalex.org/W4200162826","https://openalex.org/W4200393579","https://openalex.org/W4210620015","https://openalex.org/W4213439731","https://openalex.org/W4226443173","https://openalex.org/W4239110337","https://openalex.org/W4256124821","https://openalex.org/W4288359825","https://openalex.org/W4289258088","https://openalex.org/W4300471784","https://openalex.org/W4310566398","https://openalex.org/W6638208828"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W2906196243","https://openalex.org/W4385765419","https://openalex.org/W4224009465","https://openalex.org/W4286209793","https://openalex.org/W2399667542","https://openalex.org/W2465689495","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W2518610218","https://openalex.org/W2567419288"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"interest":[1],"in":[2,14,23,40,46,86,91,150,159,173],"the":[3,30,120,132,167,219],"application":[4,85],"of":[5,19,44,54,112,122,148,157,221],"machine":[6,47,87,116,151,169,196],"learning":[7,48,88,117,170],"to":[8,32,50,75,94,107,189,212,218],"improve":[9],"healthcare":[10],"has":[11],"grown":[12],"tremendously":[13],"recent":[15],"years,":[16],"a":[17,82,109],"number":[18],"barriers":[20],"prevent":[21],"deployment":[22],"medical":[24,77],"practice.":[25,127],"A":[26],"notable":[27],"concern":[28],"is":[29,106,187],"potential":[31,155,176],"exacerbate":[33],"entrenched":[34],"biases":[35,177],"and":[36,98,101,126,136,141,165,206,208],"existing":[37],"health":[38],"disparities":[39],"society.":[41],"The":[42],"area":[43],"fairness":[45,114,149,213],"seeks":[49],"address":[51],"these":[52],"issues":[53],"equity;":[55],"however,":[56],"appropriate":[57],"approaches":[58,211],"are":[59,81],"context-dependent,":[60],"necessitating":[61],"domain-specific":[62],"consideration.":[63],"We":[64,128,153],"focus":[65,186],"on":[66,73],"clinical":[67,123,139,160,191,222],"trials,":[68,161,192],"i.e.,":[69],"research":[70,125],"studies":[71],"conducted":[72],"humans":[74],"evaluate":[76],"treatments.":[78],"Clinical":[79],"trials":[80,124,140],"relatively":[83],"under-explored":[84],"for":[89,115,138],"healthcare,":[90],"part":[92],"due":[93],"complex":[95],"ethical,":[96],"legal,":[97],"regulatory":[99],"requirements":[100],"high":[102],"costs.":[103],"Our":[104],"aim":[105],"provide":[108],"multi-disciplinary":[110],"assessment":[111],"how":[113],"fits":[118],"into":[119],"context":[121],"start":[129],"by":[130],"reviewing":[131],"current":[133],"ethical":[134],"considerations":[135],"guidelines":[137],"examine":[142,154],"their":[143],"relationship":[144],"with":[145],"common":[146],"definitions":[147],"learning.":[152,197],"sources":[156],"unfairness":[158],"providing":[162],"concrete":[163],"examples,":[164],"discuss":[166],"role":[168],"might":[171],"play":[172],"either":[174],"mitigating":[175],"or":[178],"exacerbating":[179],"them":[180],"when":[181],"applied":[182],"without":[183],"care.":[184],"Particular":[185],"given":[188],"adaptive":[190],"which":[193],"may":[194,215],"employ":[195],"Finally,":[198],"we":[199],"highlight":[200],"concepts":[201],"that":[202,214],"require":[203],"further":[204],"investigation":[205],"development,":[207],"emphasize":[209],"new":[210],"be":[216],"relevant":[217],"design":[220],"trials.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}