{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4280541712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531146.3533137","title":"Making the Unaccountable Internet: The Changing Meaning of Accounting in the Early ARPANET","display_name":"Making the Unaccountable Internet: The Changing Meaning of Accounting in the Early ARPANET","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4280541712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531146.3533137"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3531146.3533137","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531146.3533137","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608463","display_name":"2022 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 ACM Conference on Fairness Accountability and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2201.11884","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064217008","display_name":"A. Feder Cooper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4892-681X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Feder Cooper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056982934","display_name":"Gili Vidan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1855-4779"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gili Vidan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science, Cornell University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science, Cornell University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064217008"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3158,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82825683,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"726","last_page":"742"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11024","display_name":"Information Systems Theories and Implementation","score":0.9825000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accountability","display_name":"Accountability","score":0.7711349725723267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.587382435798645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narrative","display_name":"Narrative","score":0.5149853825569153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-governance","display_name":"Corporate governance","score":0.4965119957923889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meaning","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","score":0.4539267420768738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unintended-consequences","display_name":"Unintended consequences","score":0.4528312683105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.42783182859420776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.39577987790107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3918997049331665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accounting","display_name":"Accounting","score":0.3905377984046936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.37531131505966187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.37005066871643066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.34055888652801514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-and-economics","display_name":"Law and economics","score":0.32399827241897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2648148536682129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.2621592879295349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.22601765394210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.2140321135520935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management","display_name":"Management","score":0.15153998136520386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.11638343334197998}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.7711349725723267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.587382435798645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.5149853825569153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.4965119957923889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.4539267420768738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776889888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1135789","display_name":"Unintended consequences","level":2,"score":0.4528312683105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.42783182859420776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.39577987790107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3918997049331665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.3905377984046936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.37531131505966187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.37005066871643066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.34055888652801514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.32399827241897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2648148536682129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2621592879295349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.22601765394210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2140321135520935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.15153998136520386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.11638343334197998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3531146.3533137","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531146.3533137","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608463","display_name":"2022 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 ACM Conference on Fairness Accountability and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2201.11884","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2201.11884","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2201.11884","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2201.11884","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2201.11884","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2201.11884","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306142","display_name":"John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/00dxczh48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":119,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W610131805","https://openalex.org/W1505563434","https://openalex.org/W1546831332","https://openalex.org/W1549118102","https://openalex.org/W1549887064","https://openalex.org/W1561558283","https://openalex.org/W1612333575","https://openalex.org/W1676609437","https://openalex.org/W1729611824","https://openalex.org/W1731982387","https://openalex.org/W1754873915","https://openalex.org/W1797572919","https://openalex.org/W1812317301","https://openalex.org/W1871129648","https://openalex.org/W1877149103","https://openalex.org/W1920802909","https://openalex.org/W1967586822","https://openalex.org/W1974199790","https://openalex.org/W1976787862","https://openalex.org/W1980021230","https://openalex.org/W1986917279","https://openalex.org/W1994537767","https://openalex.org/W2013451019","https://openalex.org/W2018501701","https://openalex.org/W2052120389","https://openalex.org/W2079490619","https://openalex.org/W2091972438","https://openalex.org/W2093973064","https://openalex.org/W2102618837","https://openalex.org/W2114521981","https://openalex.org/W2129620298","https://openalex.org/W2131624837","https://openalex.org/W2138581059","https://openalex.org/W2140912272","https://openalex.org/W2148223342","https://openalex.org/W2160339200","https://openalex.org/W2168535919","https://openalex.org/W2170578595","https://openalex.org/W2171323324","https://openalex.org/W2174359540","https://openalex.org/W2187229308","https://openalex.org/W2199119110","https://openalex.org/W2235022879","https://openalex.org/W2240051763","https://openalex.org/W2253733283","https://openalex.org/W2255844979","https://openalex.org/W2258226166","https://openalex.org/W2258711358","https://openalex.org/W2258889924","https://openalex.org/W2259176137","https://openalex.org/W2260618408","https://openalex.org/W2262367213","https://openalex.org/W2263836941","https://openalex.org/W2266218447","https://openalex.org/W2273551945","https://openalex.org/W2274208377","https://openalex.org/W2276455665","https://openalex.org/W2277958887","https://openalex.org/W2280866510","https://openalex.org/W2284304010","https://openalex.org/W2288856581","https://openalex.org/W2289422343","https://openalex.org/W2291010884","https://openalex.org/W2291106781","https://openalex.org/W2292250304","https://openalex.org/W2293289459","https://openalex.org/W2297898297","https://openalex.org/W2298309133","https://openalex.org/W2305154939","https://openalex.org/W2306796337","https://openalex.org/W2341759796","https://openalex.org/W2468756546","https://openalex.org/W2475996856","https://openalex.org/W2481812709","https://openalex.org/W2493063790","https://openalex.org/W2540288305","https://openalex.org/W2555328940","https://openalex.org/W2562034574","https://openalex.org/W2564572909","https://openalex.org/W2773563601","https://openalex.org/W2897042519","https://openalex.org/W2898700245","https://openalex.org/W2913535926","https://openalex.org/W2970180798","https://openalex.org/W2984370777","https://openalex.org/W3001363766","https://openalex.org/W3001807593","https://openalex.org/W3003212419","https://openalex.org/W3014789883","https://openalex.org/W3023001449","https://openalex.org/W3047049674","https://openalex.org/W3100279624","https://openalex.org/W3124558017","https://openalex.org/W3125160081","https://openalex.org/W3126787060","https://openalex.org/W3134214835","https://openalex.org/W3134362900","https://openalex.org/W3149980940","https://openalex.org/W3165101951","https://openalex.org/W3198405990","https://openalex.org/W3200957822","https://openalex.org/W3202032592","https://openalex.org/W4205290779","https://openalex.org/W4206466020","https://openalex.org/W4206518175","https://openalex.org/W4210537488","https://openalex.org/W4214549398","https://openalex.org/W4214743862","https://openalex.org/W4221138494","https://openalex.org/W4229768425","https://openalex.org/W4233093336","https://openalex.org/W4233438965","https://openalex.org/W4243231949","https://openalex.org/W4249805874","https://openalex.org/W4249920416","https://openalex.org/W4250277059","https://openalex.org/W4388059342","https://openalex.org/W4388161807","https://openalex.org/W6948276871"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2494121465","https://openalex.org/W4377233172","https://openalex.org/W1854749775","https://openalex.org/W4312971597","https://openalex.org/W2129556718","https://openalex.org/W1970818898","https://openalex.org/W2350665531","https://openalex.org/W2906160980","https://openalex.org/W2154949144","https://openalex.org/W4388713818"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Contemporary":[0],"concerns":[1,29],"over":[2],"the":[3,14,42,75,85,97,120,123,132,152,157,193,222,227,238,242,253],"governance":[4],"of":[5,17,44,74,112,117,122,135,146,165,182,198,211,226],"technological":[6,266],"systems":[7,267],"often":[8],"run":[9],"up":[10],"against":[11],"narratives":[12],"about":[13],"technical":[15,196,218],"infeasibility":[16],"designing":[18,261],"mechanisms":[19,197,263],"for":[20,148,200,236,251,264],"accountability.":[21],"While":[22],"in":[23,34,41,49,71,96,142,203,260],"recent":[24],"AI":[25],"ethics":[26],"literature":[27],"these":[28,187],"have":[30,105],"been":[31],"deliberated":[32],"predominantly":[33],"relation":[35],"to":[36,54,59,84,140],"machine":[37],"learning,":[38],"other":[39,90,265],"instances":[40],"history":[43,231],"computing":[45],"also":[46,245],"presented":[47],"circumstances":[48],"which":[50],"computer":[51],"scientists":[52],"needed":[53],"un-muddle":[55],"what":[56],"it":[57],"means":[58],"design":[60,155],"accountable":[61],"systems.":[62],"One":[63],"such":[64,113],"compelling":[65],"narrative":[66],"can":[67],"frequently":[68],"be":[69],"found":[70],"canonical":[72],"histories":[73],"Internet":[76],"that":[77,221,240,257],"highlight":[78],"how":[79,179],"its":[80,138],"original":[81],"designers\u2019":[82],"commitment":[83],"\u201cEnd-to-End\u201d":[86],"architectural":[87],"principle":[88],"precluded":[89],"features":[91],"from":[92,156],"being":[93],"implemented,":[94],"resulting":[95],"fast-growing,":[98],"generative,":[99],"but":[100,244],"ultimately":[101],"unaccountable":[102],"network":[103],"we":[104],"today.":[106,268],"This":[107],"paper":[108],"offers":[109],"a":[110,143,204,214,248],"critique":[111],"technologically":[114],"essentialist":[115],"notions":[116],"accountability":[118,141,183,212,262],"and":[119,137,159,174,177,195,207,217],"characterization":[121],"\u201cunaccountable":[124],"Internet\u201d":[125],"as":[126,168,170,172,175,213,247],"an":[127,180,208],"unintended":[128],"consequence.":[129],"It":[130],"explores":[131],"changing":[133],"meaning":[134],"accounting":[136,199],"relationship":[139],"selected":[144],"corpus":[145],"requests":[147],"comments":[149],"(RFCs)":[150],"concerning":[151],"early":[153],"Internet\u2019s":[154],"1970s":[158],"80s.":[160],"We":[161,190],"characterize":[162],"four":[163],"ways":[164],"conceptualizing":[166],"accounting:":[167],"billing,":[169],"measurement,":[171],"management,":[173],"policy,":[176],"demonstrate":[178],"understanding":[181,237],"was":[184],"constituted":[185],"through":[186],"shifting":[188],"meanings.":[189],"link":[191],"together":[192],"administrative":[194],"shared":[201],"resources":[202],"distributed":[205],"system":[206],"emerging":[209],"notion":[210],"social,":[215],"political,":[216],"category,":[219],"arguing":[220],"former":[223],"is":[224,232],"constitutive":[225],"latter.":[228],"Recovering":[229],"this":[230],"not":[233],"only":[234],"important":[235],"processes":[239],"shaped":[241],"Internet,":[243],"serves":[246],"starting":[249],"point":[250],"unpacking":[252],"complicated":[254],"political":[255],"choices":[256],"are":[258],"involved":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2022-05-22T00:00:00"}
