{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283161703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531146.3533117","title":"Language variation and algorithmic bias: understanding algorithmic bias in British English automatic speech recognition","display_name":"Language variation and algorithmic bias: understanding algorithmic bias in British English automatic speech recognition","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283161703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531146.3533117"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3531146.3533117","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531146.3533117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608463","display_name":"2022 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 ACM Conference on Fairness Accountability and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/dfb8c6cc-f26b-497a-a3ad-2411bb8d94e3","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069351770","display_name":"Nina Markl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9906-9961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nina Markl","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069351770"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":55.9,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"521","last_page":"534"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11640","display_name":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11640","display_name":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14006","display_name":"Linguistics, Language Diversity, and Identity","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10265","display_name":"Multilingual Education and Policy","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7425315380096436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variation","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","score":0.7080050110816956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5483518242835999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4984116554260254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4652247130870819}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7425315380096436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.7080050110816956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5483518242835999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4984116554260254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4652247130870819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3531146.3533117","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531146.3533117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608463","display_name":"2022 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 ACM Conference on Fairness Accountability and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/dfb8c6cc-f26b-497a-a3ad-2411bb8d94e3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/dfb8c6cc-f26b-497a-a3ad-2411bb8d94e3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Markl, N 2022, Language variation and algorithmic bias: understanding algorithmic bias in British English automatic speech recognition. in Proceedings of 2022 5th ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAccT 2022). pp. 521-534, 5th Annual ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 21/06/22. https://doi.org/10.1145/3531146.3533117","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/dfb8c6cc-f26b-497a-a3ad-2411bb8d94e3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3531146.3533117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/dfb8c6cc-f26b-497a-a3ad-2411bb8d94e3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/dfb8c6cc-f26b-497a-a3ad-2411bb8d94e3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Markl, N 2022, Language variation and algorithmic bias: understanding algorithmic bias in British English automatic speech recognition. in Proceedings of 2022 5th ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAccT 2022). pp. 521-534, 5th Annual ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 21/06/22. https://doi.org/10.1145/3531146.3533117","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G373773752","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/S022481/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","display_name":"UK Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/001aqnf71"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":99,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W330298975","https://openalex.org/W659550629","https://openalex.org/W1978599464","https://openalex.org/W1981475687","https://openalex.org/W1986368717","https://openalex.org/W1990499254","https://openalex.org/W2058624789","https://openalex.org/W2063161856","https://openalex.org/W2075748225","https://openalex.org/W2086806158","https://openalex.org/W2091746061","https://openalex.org/W2095709171","https://openalex.org/W2096903830","https://openalex.org/W2117403661","https://openalex.org/W2128205443","https://openalex.org/W2147481677","https://openalex.org/W2158387292","https://openalex.org/W2164496512","https://openalex.org/W2255452591","https://openalex.org/W2317052076","https://openalex.org/W2317745495","https://openalex.org/W2337002970","https://openalex.org/W2529182583","https://openalex.org/W2530966078","https://openalex.org/W2542909410","https://openalex.org/W2566203197","https://openalex.org/W2580198724","https://openalex.org/W2607719644","https://openalex.org/W2733494979","https://openalex.org/W2749424389","https://openalex.org/W2754426660","https://openalex.org/W2782011730","https://openalex.org/W2791170418","https://openalex.org/W2799018910","https://openalex.org/W2809815139","https://openalex.org/W2897702578","https://openalex.org/W2911227954","https://openalex.org/W2911925822","https://openalex.org/W2912155051","https://openalex.org/W2912581782","https://openalex.org/W2941486823","https://openalex.org/W2941985495","https://openalex.org/W2942659792","https://openalex.org/W2945776595","https://openalex.org/W2945900074","https://openalex.org/W2949678053","https://openalex.org/W2953487715","https://openalex.org/W2963200472","https://openalex.org/W2972539100","https://openalex.org/W2973094925","https://openalex.org/W2973299538","https://openalex.org/W2981537661","https://openalex.org/W2991363156","https://openalex.org/W3003646990","https://openalex.org/W3010110357","https://openalex.org/W3012624518","https://openalex.org/W3034371698","https://openalex.org/W3034987021","https://openalex.org/W3035032094","https://openalex.org/W3037831233","https://openalex.org/W3047579825","https://openalex.org/W3084611909","https://openalex.org/W3096755600","https://openalex.org/W3097185012","https://openalex.org/W3101004475","https://openalex.org/W3102581477","https://openalex.org/W3105042180","https://openalex.org/W3106426924","https://openalex.org/W3112849432","https://openalex.org/W3121336520","https://openalex.org/W3126673881","https://openalex.org/W3133702157","https://openalex.org/W3135008008","https://openalex.org/W3135371071","https://openalex.org/W3146083582","https://openalex.org/W3154300329","https://openalex.org/W3160935449","https://openalex.org/W3170842254","https://openalex.org/W3173446448","https://openalex.org/W3174905026","https://openalex.org/W3184144760","https://openalex.org/W3195725782","https://openalex.org/W3198409578","https://openalex.org/W3203163443","https://openalex.org/W3212198174","https://openalex.org/W3212368439","https://openalex.org/W3212464620","https://openalex.org/W3213241618","https://openalex.org/W4200112215","https://openalex.org/W4200556519","https://openalex.org/W4211228191","https://openalex.org/W4214917069","https://openalex.org/W4220976180","https://openalex.org/W4231425949","https://openalex.org/W4240335515","https://openalex.org/W4288083801","https://openalex.org/W4300939116","https://openalex.org/W4310936740","https://openalex.org/W6909330955"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2386430105","https://openalex.org/W2356521405","https://openalex.org/W2038534795","https://openalex.org/W2384358604","https://openalex.org/W1567829292","https://openalex.org/W3001063351","https://openalex.org/W3204019825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"All":[0],"language":[1,7,26,37,55,80],"is":[2,127],"characterised":[3],"by":[4],"variation":[5],"which":[6,104],"users":[8],"employ":[9],"to":[10,131,141],"construct":[11],"complex":[12],"social":[13,17],"identities":[14],"and":[15,25,41,53,68,92],"express":[16],"meaning.":[18],"Like":[19],"other":[20,54],"machine":[21],"learning":[22],"technologies,":[23],"speech":[24,50],"technologies":[27,56,81],"(re)produce":[28],"structural":[29],"oppression":[30],"when":[31],"they":[32,95],"perform":[33,57],"worse":[34,59],"for":[35,60],"marginalised":[36,62,142],"communities.":[38,143],"Using":[39],"knowledge":[40],"theories":[42],"from":[43],"sociolinguistics,":[44],"I":[45],"explore":[46],"why":[47],"commercial":[48],"automatic":[49],"recognition":[51],"systems":[52,103,136],"significantly":[58],"already":[61],"populations,":[63],"such":[64],"as":[65,112],"second-language":[66],"speakers":[67,69],"of":[70,73],"stigmatised":[71],"varieties":[72],"English":[74],"in":[75,102,139],"the":[76,83,90,119,133],"British":[77],"Isles.":[78],"Situating":[79],"within":[82],"broader":[84],"scholarship":[85],"around":[86],"algorithmic":[87,135],"bias,":[88,109],"consider":[89],"allocative":[91],"representational":[93],"harms":[94,134],"can":[96,137],"cause":[97],"even":[98],"(and":[99],"perhaps":[100],"especially)":[101],"do":[105],"not":[106],"exhibit":[107],"predictive":[108],"narrowly":[110],"defined":[111],"differential":[113],"performance":[114],"between":[115],"groups.":[116],"This":[117],"raises":[118],"question":[120],"whether":[121],"addressing":[122],"or":[123],"\u201cfixing\u201d":[124],"this":[125],"\u201cbias\u201d":[126],"actually":[128],"always":[129],"equivalent":[130],"mitigating":[132],"cause,":[138],"particular":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
