{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4223563577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531146.3533116","title":"Goodbye Tracking? Impact of iOS App Tracking Transparency and Privacy Labels","display_name":"Goodbye Tracking? Impact of iOS App Tracking Transparency and Privacy Labels","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4223563577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531146.3533116"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3531146.3533116","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531146.3533116","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608463","display_name":"2022 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 ACM Conference on Fairness Accountability and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/db468b81-b513-4900-a330-e3896cb42d11","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059625515","display_name":"Konrad Kollnig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7412-8731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konrad Kollnig","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016503293","display_name":"Anastasia Shuba","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121988","display_name":"Film Independent","ror":"https://ror.org/036cy3843","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121988"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anastasia Shuba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent Researcher, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Researcher, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121988"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085192838","display_name":"Max Van Kleek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3873-6366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Max Van Kleek","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042396542","display_name":"Reuben Binns","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8717-6559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reuben Binns","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056692594","display_name":"Nigel Shadbolt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5085-9724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nigel Shadbolt","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":65.2868,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":82,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99930317,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"508","last_page":"520"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9842000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identifier","display_name":"Identifier","score":0.7920246124267578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7546730041503906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.6991528868675232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.5665109157562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5461694598197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revenue","display_name":"Revenue","score":0.513719916343689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.4634518325328827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-apps","display_name":"Mobile apps","score":0.43421971797943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/targeted-advertising","display_name":"Targeted advertising","score":0.4320334494113922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-policy","display_name":"Privacy policy","score":0.4166807532310486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking-system","display_name":"Tracking system","score":0.41469722986221313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.3901676535606384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.379086971282959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.1386551558971405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13309258222579956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.12256163358688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accounting","display_name":"Accounting","score":0.08263376355171204}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154504017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853614","display_name":"Identifier","level":2,"score":0.7920246124267578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7546730041503906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.6991528868675232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5665109157562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5461694598197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.513719916343689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.4634518325328827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988145974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620615","display_name":"Mobile apps","level":2,"score":0.43421971797943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777459780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1628411","display_name":"Targeted advertising","level":2,"score":0.4320334494113922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102938260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1999831","display_name":"Privacy policy","level":3,"score":0.4166807532310486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.41469722986221313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.3901676535606384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.379086971282959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.1386551558971405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13309258222579956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.12256163358688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.08263376355171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3531146.3533116","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531146.3533116","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608463","display_name":"2022 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 ACM Conference on Fairness Accountability and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl:openaire/db468b81-b513-4900-a330-e3896cb42d11","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/db468b81-b513-4900-a330-e3896cb42d11","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402616","display_name":"Research Publications (Maastricht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","host_organization_name":"Maastricht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2204.03556","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2204.03556","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2204.03556","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:38e54298-23b1-4338-a120-2ba715c0af82","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:38e54298-23b1-4338-a120-2ba715c0af82","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symplectic Elements","raw_type":"Conference item"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl:openaire/db468b81-b513-4900-a330-e3896cb42d11","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/db468b81-b513-4900-a330-e3896cb42d11","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402616","display_name":"Research Publications (Maastricht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","host_organization_name":"Maastricht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2074034901","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R513295/","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G521268540","display_name":"PETRAS 2","funder_award_id":"EP/S035362/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7194833371","display_name":"DTP 2018-19 University of Oxford","funder_award_id":"EP/R513295/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G883624705","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2219016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W72496981","https://openalex.org/W1984043601","https://openalex.org/W2004429690","https://openalex.org/W2046653306","https://openalex.org/W2098482696","https://openalex.org/W2108554506","https://openalex.org/W2141554582","https://openalex.org/W2208157769","https://openalex.org/W2510008933","https://openalex.org/W2608119921","https://openalex.org/W2611364582","https://openalex.org/W2795211868","https://openalex.org/W2796498984","https://openalex.org/W2797171593","https://openalex.org/W2808362425","https://openalex.org/W2889000693","https://openalex.org/W2897615540","https://openalex.org/W2963070937","https://openalex.org/W2963967433","https://openalex.org/W2996306837","https://openalex.org/W3030118879","https://openalex.org/W3032297757","https://openalex.org/W3046188601","https://openalex.org/W3101244251","https://openalex.org/W3123746015","https://openalex.org/W3162088835","https://openalex.org/W3172704926","https://openalex.org/W3210640965","https://openalex.org/W4200251246","https://openalex.org/W4221005961","https://openalex.org/W4237192363","https://openalex.org/W6602972026"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4378651134","https://openalex.org/W4252684102","https://openalex.org/W2608983118","https://openalex.org/W2352307597","https://openalex.org/W1979633005","https://openalex.org/W2163724607","https://openalex.org/W3135403405","https://openalex.org/W4380993336","https://openalex.org/W4224120608","https://openalex.org/W2993858211"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tracking":[0,38],"is":[1],"a":[2,41],"highly":[3],"privacy-invasive":[4],"data":[5,59],"collection":[6],"practice":[7],"that":[8,106],"has":[9,75,107],"been":[10,77,108],"ubiquitous":[11],"in":[12,22],"mobile":[13],"apps":[14,92],"for":[15,45],"many":[16],"years":[17],"due":[18],"to":[19,110],"its":[20],"role":[21],"supporting":[23],"advertising-based":[24],"revenue":[25],"models.":[26],"In":[27],"response,":[28],"Apple":[29],"introduced":[30],"two":[31,87],"significant":[32],"changes":[33,69],"with":[34,112],"iOS":[35,91,102],"14:":[36],"App":[37,96],"Transparency":[39],"(ATT),":[40],"mandatory":[42],"opt-in":[43],"system":[44],"enabling":[46],"tracking":[47],"on":[48,70],"iOS,":[49],"and":[50,73,104],"Privacy":[51],"Nutrition":[52],"Labels,":[53],"which":[54],"disclose":[55],"what":[56],"kinds":[57],"of":[58,67,89],"each":[60],"app":[61],"processes.":[62],"So":[63],"far,":[64],"the":[65,94,113],"impact":[66],"these":[68],"individual":[71],"privacy":[72],"control":[74],"not":[76],"well":[78],"understood.":[79],"This":[80],"paper":[81],"addresses":[82],"this":[83],"gap":[84],"by":[85],"analysing":[86],"versions":[88],"1,759":[90],"from":[93,100],"UK":[95],"Store:":[97],"one":[98,105],"version":[99],"before":[101],"14":[103],"updated":[109],"comply":[111],"new":[114],"rules.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-13T07:04:57.449891","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}