{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4224284455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3530812","title":"Machine Learning-Enabled IoT Security: Open Issues and Challenges Under Advanced Persistent Threats","display_name":"Machine Learning-Enabled IoT Security: Open Issues and Challenges Under Advanced Persistent Threats","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4224284455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3530812"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3530812","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3530812","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2204.03433","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101463136","display_name":"Zhiyan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4397-1061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4397-1061","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086348232","display_name":"Jinxin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2482-9548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinxin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2482-9548","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055658968","display_name":"Yu Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4699-0006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4699-0006","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021726620","display_name":"Murat \u015eim\u015fek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3156-5760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Murat Simsek","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3156-5760","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003131477","display_name":"Burak Kantarc\u0131","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0220-7956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Burak Kantarci","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0220-7956","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055542851","display_name":"Hussein T. Mouftah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7939-7212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hussein T. Mouftah","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7939-7212","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081291913","display_name":"Petar Djukic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8856-8706"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160469","display_name":"Ciena (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/05agqdk49","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295297804","https://openalex.org/I4210160469"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petar Djukic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ciena Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8856-8706","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ciena Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160469"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101463136"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.0946,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":139,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99567407,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"5","first_page":"1","last_page":"37"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8608689308166504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6988762617111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.6722782850265503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.6614933013916016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.5517357587814331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.4609096646308899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-research","display_name":"Open research","score":0.4448363184928894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-security","display_name":"Network security","score":0.4300791025161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion","display_name":"Intrusion","score":0.42838284373283386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20407873392105103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1492471992969513}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8608689308166504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6988762617111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.6722782850265503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.6614933013916016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.5517357587814331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.4609096646308899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778464652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309849","display_name":"Open research","level":2,"score":0.4448363184928894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.4300791025161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158251709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q354025","display_name":"Intrusion","level":2,"score":0.42838284373283386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20407873392105103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1492471992969513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17409809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764","display_name":"Geochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3530812","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3530812","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2204.03433","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2204.03433","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2204.03433","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2204.03433","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2204.03433","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2204.03433","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":181,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1109422923","https://openalex.org/W1152223117","https://openalex.org/W1484437324","https://openalex.org/W1489146973","https://openalex.org/W1507072099","https://openalex.org/W1591801644","https://openalex.org/W1772700132","https://openalex.org/W1973445088","https://openalex.org/W1986216741","https://openalex.org/W1988037376","https://openalex.org/W1990509304","https://openalex.org/W1995678176","https://openalex.org/W1996655273","https://openalex.org/W2014013723","https://openalex.org/W2018680657","https://openalex.org/W2038194220","https://openalex.org/W2039858940","https://openalex.org/W2040333627","https://openalex.org/W2041433384","https://openalex.org/W2051607433","https://openalex.org/W2064274762","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2065028222","https://openalex.org/W2065890363","https://openalex.org/W2065955975","https://openalex.org/W2071460053","https://openalex.org/W2077488147","https://openalex.org/W2090956330","https://openalex.org/W2103414007","https://openalex.org/W2107867209","https://openalex.org/W2123886726","https://openalex.org/W2124369850","https://openalex.org/W2125283600","https://openalex.org/W2134339101","https://openalex.org/W2142889610","https://openalex.org/W2143591442","https://openalex.org/W2148488647","https://openalex.org/W2156844326","https://openalex.org/W2158223380","https://openalex.org/W2158298409","https://openalex.org/W2160205416","https://openalex.org/W2165854000","https://openalex.org/W2165887572","https://openalex.org/W2182819203","https://openalex.org/W2183157345","https://openalex.org/W2189456526","https://openalex.org/W2219827505","https://openalex.org/W2250901552","https://openalex.org/W2289218694","https://openalex.org/W2318143455","https://openalex.org/W2330421065","https://openalex.org/W2345225356","https://openalex.org/W2396967885","https://openalex.org/W2408793237","https://openalex.org/W2527999453","https://openalex.org/W2565989828","https://openalex.org/W2567665828","https://openalex.org/W2576213740","https://openalex.org/W2590245887","https://openalex.org/W2590373591","https://openalex.org/W2596636257","https://openalex.org/W2597001495","https://openalex.org/W2608147616","https://openalex.org/W2619405973","https://openalex.org/W2740924709","https://openalex.org/W2766537588","https://openalex.org/W2767135428","https://openalex.org/W2782735691","https://openalex.org/W2783234813","https://openalex.org/W2783301439","https://openalex.org/W2791879367","https://openalex.org/W2791951418","https://openalex.org/W2797928606","https://openalex.org/W2799758613","https://openalex.org/W2805891776","https://openalex.org/W2806002395","https://openalex.org/W2811266402","https://openalex.org/W2876445337","https://openalex.org/W2888836402","https://openalex.org/W2890486517","https://openalex.org/W2901384345","https://openalex.org/W2902264868","https://openalex.org/W2903369217","https://openalex.org/W2904235330","https://openalex.org/W2910711617","https://openalex.org/W2911505293","https://openalex.org/W2912848569","https://openalex.org/W2913497771","https://openalex.org/W2913811025","https://openalex.org/W2914060758","https://openalex.org/W2915966735","https://openalex.org/W2918428671","https://openalex.org/W2918533453","https://openalex.org/W2919221886","https://openalex.org/W2921134108","https://openalex.org/W2921398341","https://openalex.org/W2924211215","https://openalex.org/W2926701059","https://openalex.org/W2929049293","https://openalex.org/W2940796826","https://openalex.org/W2942963954","https://openalex.org/W2944438215","https://openalex.org/W2945594226","https://openalex.org/W2948160941","https://openalex.org/W2958285686","https://openalex.org/W2962590879","https://openalex.org/W2963273426","https://openalex.org/W2963748489","https://openalex.org/W2965829475","https://openalex.org/W2966943003","https://openalex.org/W2973817951","https://openalex.org/W2974181782","https://openalex.org/W2975370684","https://openalex.org/W2975434187","https://openalex.org/W2983008824","https://openalex.org/W2985246794","https://openalex.org/W2988605069","https://openalex.org/W2991140181","https://openalex.org/W2991165897","https://openalex.org/W2994866269","https://openalex.org/W2997562123","https://openalex.org/W3000147031","https://openalex.org/W3002573977","https://openalex.org/W3004096956","https://openalex.org/W3004777721","https://openalex.org/W3005260862","https://openalex.org/W3006526650","https://openalex.org/W3007358546","https://openalex.org/W3013549383","https://openalex.org/W3013798241","https://openalex.org/W3014985682","https://openalex.org/W3017881119","https://openalex.org/W3020687048","https://openalex.org/W3029243543","https://openalex.org/W3033897840","https://openalex.org/W3041983853","https://openalex.org/W3044786157","https://openalex.org/W3047132966","https://openalex.org/W3047150775","https://openalex.org/W3048529935","https://openalex.org/W3048717798","https://openalex.org/W3049284347","https://openalex.org/W3082969185","https://openalex.org/W3091534692","https://openalex.org/W3092041085","https://openalex.org/W3093253286","https://openalex.org/W3099802519","https://openalex.org/W3110547954","https://openalex.org/W3119539060","https://openalex.org/W3121091504","https://openalex.org/W3122864121","https://openalex.org/W3124145133","https://openalex.org/W3136079109","https://openalex.org/W3139210187","https://openalex.org/W3142044733","https://openalex.org/W3143219202","https://openalex.org/W3154326919","https://openalex.org/W3162956350","https://openalex.org/W3163084407","https://openalex.org/W3171343466","https://openalex.org/W3193630181","https://openalex.org/W3201440045","https://openalex.org/W3207661059","https://openalex.org/W3209498073","https://openalex.org/W4200342485","https://openalex.org/W4205989500","https://openalex.org/W4206267373","https://openalex.org/W4206541522","https://openalex.org/W4220677655","https://openalex.org/W4237828442","https://openalex.org/W4244895750","https://openalex.org/W4285719576","https://openalex.org/W4399647672","https://openalex.org/W6635446068","https://openalex.org/W6638444622","https://openalex.org/W6682346614","https://openalex.org/W6691424587","https://openalex.org/W6781955989","https://openalex.org/W6869608176","https://openalex.org/W6888475102","https://openalex.org/W6941236733"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2133389611","https://openalex.org/W2061466315","https://openalex.org/W2376886931","https://openalex.org/W1992118813","https://openalex.org/W2010561419","https://openalex.org/W2374845301","https://openalex.org/W2351448539","https://openalex.org/W1977863481","https://openalex.org/W2384741105","https://openalex.org/W1495178644"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"its":[1],"technological":[2],"benefits,":[3],"the":[4,16,97,112,115,134],"Internet":[5],"of":[6,99,105,114],"Things":[7],"(IoT)":[8],"has":[9],"cyber":[10,27],"weaknesses":[11],"due":[12,74,95],"to":[13,44,51,60,64,68,75,96],"vulnerabilities":[14],"in":[15,29,92,117,125,137,149],"wireless":[17],"medium.":[18],"Machine":[19],"Larning":[20],"(ML)-based":[21],"methods":[22,174],"are":[23,84,160,190],"widely":[24],"used":[25],"against":[26,175],"threats":[28],"IoT":[30,93,138,150,163],"networks":[31,94,139],"with":[32,102,121],"promising":[33,71],"performance.":[34],"An":[35],"Advanced":[36],"Persistent":[37],"Threat":[38],"(APT)":[39],"is":[40,49,58,109],"prominent":[41],"for":[42,162,183,192],"cybercriminals":[43],"compromise":[45],"networks,":[46],"and":[47,53,140,146,155,181,187],"it":[48,57],"crucial":[50],"long-term":[52],"harmful":[54],"characteristics.":[55],"However,":[56],"difficult":[59],"apply":[61],"ML-based":[62,173],"approaches":[63],"identify":[65],"APT":[66,90,106,122,144,188],"attacks":[67,91,189],"obtain":[69],"a":[70,126],"detection":[72,120,124,158],"performance":[73],"an":[76],"extremely":[77],"small":[78],"percentage":[79],"among":[80],"normal":[81],"traffic.":[82],"There":[83],"limited":[85],"surveys":[86],"that":[87],"fully":[88],"investigate":[89],"lack":[98],"public":[100],"datasets":[101],"all":[103],"types":[104],"attacks.":[107],"It":[108],"worth":[110],"bridging":[111],"state":[113],"art":[116],"network":[118,176,185],"attack":[119,123],"comprehensive":[127],"review":[128],"article.":[129],"This":[130],"survey":[131],"article":[132,166],"reviews":[133],"security":[135],"challenges":[136,182],"presents":[141],"well-known":[142],"attacks,":[143,145],"threat":[147],"models":[148],"systems.":[151],"Meanwhile,":[152],"signature-based,":[153],"anomaly-based,":[154],"hybrid":[156],"intrusion":[157,186],"systems":[159],"summarized":[161],"networks.":[164],"The":[165],"highlights":[167],"statistical":[168],"insights":[169],"regarding":[170],"frequently":[171],"applied":[172],"intrusion.":[177],"Finally,":[178],"open":[179],"issues":[180],"common":[184],"presented":[191],"future":[193],"research.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-05-28T09:10:13.091523","created_date":"2022-04-26T00:00:00"}
