{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3210328052","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3530190.3534796","title":"Phone Sharing and Cash Transfers in Togo: Quantitative Evidence from Mobile Phone Data","display_name":"Phone Sharing and Cash Transfers in Togo: Quantitative Evidence from Mobile Phone Data","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3210328052","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3530190.3534796","mag":"3210328052"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3530190.3534796","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3530190.3534796","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3530190.3534796","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGCAS/SIGCHI Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies (COMPASS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3530190.3534796","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030379300","display_name":"Emily Aiken","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4374-3536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emily Aiken","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC Berkeley, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC Berkeley, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079308829","display_name":"Viraj Thakur","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134446601","display_name":"Berkeley College","ror":"https://ror.org/02xewxa75","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134446601"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Viraj Thakur","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC Berkeley, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134446601","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054622320","display_name":"Joshua Blumenstock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1813-7414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134446601","display_name":"Berkeley College","ror":"https://ror.org/02xewxa75","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134446601"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua Blumenstock","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC Berkeley, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134446601","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2368,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84251969,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"214","last_page":"231"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13194","display_name":"ICT in Developing Communities","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11499","display_name":"ICT Impact and Policies","score":0.9807999730110168,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-phone","display_name":"Mobile phone","score":0.7288416028022766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phone","display_name":"Phone","score":0.6348124146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5872687697410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cash-transfers","display_name":"Cash transfers","score":0.5199617147445679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.4962502121925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gsm-services","display_name":"GSM services","score":0.4562886357307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cash","display_name":"Cash","score":0.45238757133483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41478288173675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.3721998929977417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.35768014192581177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-technology","display_name":"Mobile technology","score":0.30597996711730957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2378479242324829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.21975812315940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.15553072094917297}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777421447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17517","display_name":"Mobile phone","level":2,"score":0.7288416028022766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778707766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202064","display_name":"Phone","level":2,"score":0.6348124146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5872687697410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778502840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16669466","display_name":"Cash transfers","level":3,"score":0.5199617147445679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4962502121925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205789325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15811187","display_name":"GSM services","level":4,"score":0.4562886357307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778083465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693464","display_name":"Cash","level":2,"score":0.45238757133483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41478288173675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.3721998929977417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.35768014192581177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60952562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6887246","display_name":"Mobile technology","level":3,"score":0.30597996711730957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2378479242324829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.21975812315940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.15553072094917297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3530190.3534796","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3530190.3534796","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3530190.3534796","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGCAS/SIGCHI Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies (COMPASS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3530190.3534796","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3530190.3534796","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3530190.3534796","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGCAS/SIGCHI Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies (COMPASS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3210328052.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3210328052.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1587634759","https://openalex.org/W1972916106","https://openalex.org/W2022906735","https://openalex.org/W2055992762","https://openalex.org/W2068928390","https://openalex.org/W2082031033","https://openalex.org/W2082166612","https://openalex.org/W2086007171","https://openalex.org/W2086507900","https://openalex.org/W2098833441","https://openalex.org/W2113762652","https://openalex.org/W2117036220","https://openalex.org/W2141113219","https://openalex.org/W2149409395","https://openalex.org/W2166692930","https://openalex.org/W2173315138","https://openalex.org/W2277978346","https://openalex.org/W2342734824","https://openalex.org/W2404548253","https://openalex.org/W2514542987","https://openalex.org/W2589175979","https://openalex.org/W2753079111","https://openalex.org/W2775715748","https://openalex.org/W2803559964","https://openalex.org/W2902204282","https://openalex.org/W2907693737","https://openalex.org/W2941063311","https://openalex.org/W2943882609","https://openalex.org/W2948017521","https://openalex.org/W3000737083","https://openalex.org/W3020705411","https://openalex.org/W3040381963","https://openalex.org/W3091963655","https://openalex.org/W3121953870","https://openalex.org/W3187420880","https://openalex.org/W4245163099","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4226058997","https://openalex.org/W1575882209","https://openalex.org/W3126017175","https://openalex.org/W2333678665","https://openalex.org/W2153308567","https://openalex.org/W2294200370","https://openalex.org/W2347980758","https://openalex.org/W2109844020","https://openalex.org/W2354492627","https://openalex.org/W1561713091"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Phone":[0],"sharing":[1,36,52,100,125,161,171],"is":[2,23,126],"pervasive":[3],"in":[4,37,50,54,135,142],"many":[5],"low-":[6],"and":[7,18,56,133,176],"middle-income":[8],"countries,":[9],"affecting":[10],"how":[11,58],"millions":[12],"of":[13,34,47,85,117,119,152,168,179],"people":[14,134],"interact":[15],"with":[16,172],"technology":[17],"each":[19],"other.":[20],"Yet":[21],"there":[22],"very":[24],"little":[25],"quantitative":[26,45],"evidence":[27],"available":[28],"on":[29,93],"the":[30,65,76,83,143,150,166,177],"extent":[31],"or":[32],"nature":[33],"phone":[35,51,73,99,124,160,170],"resource-constrained":[38],"contexts.":[39],"This":[40],"paper":[41],"provides":[42],"a":[43,59,110],"comprehensive":[44],"analysis":[46],"demographic":[48,107],"variation":[49],"patterns":[53],"Togo,":[55],"documents":[57],"large":[60],"cash":[61,112,144,153],"transfer":[62,113,145],"program":[63,114,146],"during":[64],"COVID-19":[66],"pandemic":[67],"impacted":[68],"sharing.":[69],"We":[70,138,164],"analyze":[71],"mobile":[72,79,95,156,173,188],"records":[74],"from":[75,103,109],"entire":[77],"Togolese":[78],"network":[80,174],"to":[81,106,147],"measure":[82],"movement":[84],"SIM":[86,89,104],"cards":[87],"between":[88],"card":[90],"slots":[91],"(often":[92],"different":[94],"devices).":[96],"By":[97],"matching":[98],"measures":[101],"derived":[102],"reshuffling":[105],"data":[108,175],"government-run":[111],"covering":[115],"hundreds":[116],"thousands":[118],"individuals,":[120],"we":[121],"find":[122,148],"that":[123,149],"most":[127],"common":[128],"among":[129,162],"women,":[130],"young":[131],"people,":[132],"rural":[136],"areas.":[137],"also":[139],"leverage":[140],"randomization":[141],"delivery":[151],"aid":[154,184],"via":[155,187],"money":[157],"significantly":[158],"increases":[159],"beneficiaries.":[163],"discuss":[165],"limitations":[167],"measuring":[169],"implications":[178],"our":[180],"results":[181],"for":[182],"future":[183],"programs":[185],"delivered":[186],"money.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}