{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226064839","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3529760","title":"FELIX: A Ferroelectric FET Based Low Power Mixed-Signal In-Memory Architecture for DNN Acceleration","display_name":"FELIX: A Ferroelectric FET Based Low Power Mixed-Signal In-Memory Architecture for DNN Acceleration","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226064839","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3529760"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3529760","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3529760","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3529760","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3529760","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038070877","display_name":"Taha Soliman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9421-9489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889804353","display_name":"Robert Bosch (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/01fe0jt45","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Taha Soliman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robert Bosch GmbH, Renningen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robert Bosch GmbH, Renningen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081186426","display_name":"Nellie Laleni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2445-9989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110247","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Photonic Microsystems","ror":"https://ror.org/020n3fw10","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110247","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nellie Laleni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer IPMS, Center Nanoelectronic Technologies, Dresden, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer IPMS, Center Nanoelectronic Technologies, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110247"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027263389","display_name":"Tobias Kirchner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4648-8681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889804353","display_name":"Robert Bosch (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/01fe0jt45","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Kirchner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robert Bosch GmbH, Renningen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robert Bosch GmbH, Renningen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002630852","display_name":"Franz M\u00fcller","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110247","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Photonic Microsystems","ror":"https://ror.org/020n3fw10","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110247","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Franz M\u00fcller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer IPMS, Center Nanoelectronic Technologies, Dresden, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer IPMS, Center Nanoelectronic Technologies, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110247"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101415694","display_name":"Ashish Shrivastava","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3278-7392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110247","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Photonic Microsystems","ror":"https://ror.org/020n3fw10","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110247","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashish Shrivastava","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer IPMS, Center Nanoelectronic Technologies, Dresden, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer IPMS, Center Nanoelectronic Technologies, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110247"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079324627","display_name":"Thomas K\u00e4mpfe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4672-8676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110247","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Photonic Microsystems","ror":"https://ror.org/020n3fw10","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110247","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas K\u00e4mpfe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer IPMS, Center Nanoelectronic Technologies, Dresden, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer IPMS, Center Nanoelectronic Technologies, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110247"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056912495","display_name":"Andre Guntoro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4144-0283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889804353","display_name":"Robert Bosch (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/01fe0jt45","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andre Guntoro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robert Bosch GmbH, Renningen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robert Bosch GmbH, Renningen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059285190","display_name":"Norbert Wehn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9010-086X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norbert Wehn","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038070877"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7613,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90661096,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"6","first_page":"1","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8362383842468262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5225569605827332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tops","display_name":"TOPS","score":0.4876345694065094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4505229890346527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.44676271080970764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4297422766685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.35818183422088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3233025074005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.09229052066802979}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8362383842468262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5225569605827332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777675136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835642","display_name":"TOPS","level":3,"score":0.4876345694065094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4505229890346527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.44676271080970764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4297422766685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.35818183422088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3233025074005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09229052066802979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3529760","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3529760","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3529760","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/456582","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/456582","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3529760","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3529760","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3529760","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3798042802","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020/2014-2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327207","funder_display_name":"Electronic Components and Systems for European Leadership"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4640792771","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"826655","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327207","funder_display_name":"Electronic Components and Systems for European Leadership"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4937468798","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G570796765","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020/2014-2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6172348914","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"826655","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6870533126","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014-2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7623792936","display_name":"Technology and hardware for neuromorphic computing","funder_award_id":"826655","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8389257848","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020/2014-2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309895","display_name":"Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung","ror":"https://ror.org/03ng4kg22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327207","display_name":"Electronic Components and Systems for European Leadership","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4226064839.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4226064839.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1625170149","https://openalex.org/W1993163906","https://openalex.org/W2007339694","https://openalex.org/W2033982036","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2129733471","https://openalex.org/W2160395018","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2483966489","https://openalex.org/W2518281301","https://openalex.org/W2585407525","https://openalex.org/W2607225320","https://openalex.org/W2610697133","https://openalex.org/W2613989746","https://openalex.org/W2777372517","https://openalex.org/W2783388432","https://openalex.org/W2785141883","https://openalex.org/W2786159202","https://openalex.org/W2794141774","https://openalex.org/W2798654995","https://openalex.org/W2803163155","https://openalex.org/W2811080765","https://openalex.org/W2900164285","https://openalex.org/W2903754802","https://openalex.org/W2945592020","https://openalex.org/W2946659370","https://openalex.org/W2952429406","https://openalex.org/W2964040284","https://openalex.org/W2970241502","https://openalex.org/W2985727781","https://openalex.org/W2990400855","https://openalex.org/W3005599125","https://openalex.org/W3032970034","https://openalex.org/W3033330790","https://openalex.org/W3034542897","https://openalex.org/W3036274717","https://openalex.org/W3046549256","https://openalex.org/W3090974145","https://openalex.org/W3092368495","https://openalex.org/W3109142236","https://openalex.org/W3133253223","https://openalex.org/W3136522402","https://openalex.org/W3145277244","https://openalex.org/W3198683487"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2811109569","https://openalex.org/W2385933648","https://openalex.org/W2381557761","https://openalex.org/W2067978743","https://openalex.org/W1996292569","https://openalex.org/W2113085768","https://openalex.org/W2299607813","https://openalex.org/W2514866747","https://openalex.org/W2393218002","https://openalex.org/W2757085934"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Today,":[0],"a":[1,33,95,116,120,133,157],"large":[2,78],"number":[3],"of":[4,44,104,136,193],"applications":[5],"depend":[6],"on":[7,101,214],"deep":[8],"neural":[9],"networks":[10],"(DNN)":[11],"to":[12,36,59,125],"process":[13],"data":[14],"and":[15,22,40,82,87,107,156,166,178,186,209],"perform":[16],"complicated":[17],"tasks":[18,165],"at":[19],"restricted":[20],"power":[21,80],"latency":[23],"specifications.":[24],"Therefore,":[25],"processing-in-memory":[26],"(PIM)":[27],"platforms":[28],"are":[29],"actively":[30],"explored":[31],"as":[32,55,74,119],"promising":[34],"approach":[35],"improve":[37],"the":[38,41,102,105,126,146],"throughput":[39],"energy":[42],"efficiency":[43,161],"DNN":[45,64],"computing":[46],"systems.":[47],"Several":[48],"PIM":[49],"architectures":[50],"adopt":[51],"resistive":[52],"non-volatile":[53,121],"memories":[54],"their":[56],"main":[57],"unit":[58],"build":[60],"crossbar-based":[61],"accelerators":[62],"for":[63,148,163],"inference.":[65],"However,":[66],"these":[67],"structures":[68],"suffer":[69],"from":[70],"several":[71],"drawbacks":[72],"such":[73],"reliability,":[75],"low":[76],"accuracy,":[77],"ADCs/DACs":[79],"consumption":[81],"area,":[83],"high":[84,134,159],"write":[85],"energy,":[86],"so":[88],"on.":[89],"In":[90,151],"this":[91,129],"article,":[92],"we":[93,153,171,205],"present":[94],"new":[96],"mixed-signal":[97],"in-memory":[98,112],"architecture":[99,114,131],"based":[100],"bit-decomposition":[103],"multiply":[106],"accumulate":[108],"(MAC)":[109],"operations.":[110],"Our":[111],"inference":[113],"uses":[115],"single":[117],"FeFET":[118],"memory":[122],"cell.":[123],"Compared":[124],"prior":[127],"work,":[128],"system":[130,215],"provides":[132],"level":[135],"parallelism":[137],"while":[138],"using":[139,197],"only":[140],"3-bit":[141],"ADCs.":[142],"Also,":[143],"it":[144],"eliminates":[145],"need":[147],"any":[149],"DAC.":[150],"addition,":[152],"provide":[154],"flexibility":[155],"very":[158],"utilization":[160],"even":[162],"varying":[164],"loads.":[167],"Simulations":[168],"demonstrate":[169],"that":[170],"outperform":[172],"state-of-the-art":[173],"efficiencies":[174],"with":[175,183],"36.5":[176],"TOPS/W":[177,208],"can":[179],"pack":[180],"2.05":[181],"TOPS":[182],"8-bit":[184],"activation":[185],"4-bit":[187],"weight":[188],"precision":[189],"in":[190],"an":[191],"area":[192],"4.9":[194],"mm":[195],"2":[196,213],"22":[198],"nm":[199],"FDSOI":[200],"technology.":[201],"Employing":[202],"binary":[203],"operation,":[204],"obtain":[206],"1169":[207],"over":[210],"261":[211],"TOPS/W/mm":[212],"level.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}