{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4286611320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3528223.3530119","title":"Towards practical physical-optics rendering","display_name":"Towards practical physical-optics rendering","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4286611320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3528223.3530119"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3528223.3530119","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3528223.3530119","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt7xc2f5jz/qt7xc2f5jz.pdf?t=s05jdm","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065313939","display_name":"Shlomi Steinberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2748-4036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803209242","display_name":"University of California System","ror":"https://ror.org/00pjdza24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shlomi Steinberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087948617","display_name":"Pradeep Sen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-924X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803209242","display_name":"University of California System","ror":"https://ror.org/00pjdza24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pradeep Sen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100756588","display_name":"Ling\u2010Qi Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9379-094X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803209242","display_name":"University of California System","ror":"https://ror.org/00pjdza24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ling-Qi Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065313939"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6721,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95479107,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11408","display_name":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.7289712429046631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-optics","display_name":"Physical optics","score":0.6356724500656128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiance","display_name":"Radiance","score":0.6088277697563171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5447706580162048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.5285885334014893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-illumination","display_name":"Global illumination","score":0.4915941655635834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.4790807366371155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bidirectional-reflectance-distribution-function","display_name":"Bidirectional reflectance distribution function","score":0.47705474495887756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray","display_name":"Ray","score":0.4552761912345886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometrical-optics","display_name":"Geometrical optics","score":0.4411622881889343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherence","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","score":0.4154466986656189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.35497617721557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.35259944200515747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectivity","display_name":"Reflectivity","score":0.1409429907798767}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.7289712429046631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154236941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942347","display_name":"Physical optics","level":2,"score":0.6356724500656128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23690007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411145","display_name":"Radiance","level":2,"score":0.6088277697563171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5447706580162048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5285885334014893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89720835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1531701","display_name":"Global illumination","level":3,"score":0.4915941655635834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4790807366371155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151596937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856980","display_name":"Bidirectional reflectance distribution function","level":3,"score":0.47705474495887756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182610534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633620","display_name":"Ray","level":2,"score":0.4552761912345886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110277352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467980","display_name":"Geometrical optics","level":2,"score":0.4411622881889343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.4154466986656189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.35497617721557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.35259944200515747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.1409429907798767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3528223.3530119","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3528223.3530119","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7xc2f5jz","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7xc2f5jz","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt7xc2f5jz/qt7xc2f5jz.pdf?t=s05jdm","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"etd"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7xc2f5jz","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7xc2f5jz","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt7xc2f5jz/qt7xc2f5jz.pdf?t=s05jdm","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"etd"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4286611320.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W244729084","https://openalex.org/W1496847388","https://openalex.org/W1606057283","https://openalex.org/W1865993516","https://openalex.org/W1966215621","https://openalex.org/W1975791259","https://openalex.org/W1986584584","https://openalex.org/W1989334124","https://openalex.org/W2009564801","https://openalex.org/W2018227779","https://openalex.org/W2018762986","https://openalex.org/W2027675750","https://openalex.org/W2039634391","https://openalex.org/W2056267614","https://openalex.org/W2056994319","https://openalex.org/W2078206483","https://openalex.org/W2080638042","https://openalex.org/W2085298269","https://openalex.org/W2090858967","https://openalex.org/W2107244478","https://openalex.org/W2147003295","https://openalex.org/W2151614330","https://openalex.org/W2156540364","https://openalex.org/W2167377123","https://openalex.org/W2295834392","https://openalex.org/W2505057335","https://openalex.org/W2518909974","https://openalex.org/W2528254868","https://openalex.org/W2610372066","https://openalex.org/W2614647722","https://openalex.org/W2616500594","https://openalex.org/W2742593517","https://openalex.org/W2805453351","https://openalex.org/W2810054981","https://openalex.org/W2811155286","https://openalex.org/W2891955732","https://openalex.org/W2902883684","https://openalex.org/W2912892010","https://openalex.org/W2916563326","https://openalex.org/W2925200715","https://openalex.org/W2951303609","https://openalex.org/W2963131867","https://openalex.org/W2965446779","https://openalex.org/W2965593259","https://openalex.org/W2971610498","https://openalex.org/W2995427418","https://openalex.org/W3004227179","https://openalex.org/W3006322515","https://openalex.org/W3017099516","https://openalex.org/W3020702147","https://openalex.org/W3020849911","https://openalex.org/W3048385761","https://openalex.org/W3048462943","https://openalex.org/W3104127444","https://openalex.org/W3107420910","https://openalex.org/W3110360075","https://openalex.org/W3111425927","https://openalex.org/W3122202743","https://openalex.org/W3161114015","https://openalex.org/W3184471389","https://openalex.org/W4200083477","https://openalex.org/W4211104760","https://openalex.org/W4230351116","https://openalex.org/W4242318348","https://openalex.org/W4256232987"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1664558226","https://openalex.org/W1599984011","https://openalex.org/W2023323959","https://openalex.org/W2063874618","https://openalex.org/W1540293697","https://openalex.org/W41968606","https://openalex.org/W2531952400","https://openalex.org/W4233044510","https://openalex.org/W4245104060","https://openalex.org/W4205911906"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Physical":[0],"light":[1,11,72,95,154],"transport":[2,73],"(PLT)":[3],"algorithms":[4],"can":[5],"represent":[6,153],"the":[7,31,41,90,115,118,136,145,173,223],"wave":[8,174,192],"nature":[9],"of":[10,22,36,94,117,123,155,161,236],"globally":[12],"in":[13],"a":[14,67],"scene,":[15],"and":[16,33,59,100,139,141,159,163,168,180,231],"are":[17,27,48,142,150,215,225],"consistent":[18],"with":[19,56,104,164,208,232],"Maxwell's":[20],"theory":[21],"electromagnetism.":[23],"As":[24],"such,":[25],"they":[26],"able":[28,151,216],"to":[29,51,53,96,113,152,176,188,194,217],"reproduce":[30],"wave-interference":[32,181],"diffraction":[34],"effects":[35],"real":[37],"physical":[38,71,228],"optics.":[39],"However,":[40],"recent":[42],"works":[43],"that":[44,79,134,235],"have":[45],"proposed":[46],"PLT":[47,82],"too":[49],"expensive":[50],"apply":[52],"real-world":[54],"scenes":[55,220],"complex":[57,85,219],"geometry":[58],"materials.":[60],"To":[61,125],"address":[62],"this":[63,102,191],"problem,":[64],"we":[65,88,129,184,214],"propose":[66],"novel":[68],"framework":[69],"for":[70,84],"based":[74,107,143],"on":[75,108,144],"several":[76],"key":[77],"ideas":[78],"actually":[80],"makes":[81],"practical":[83,121],"scenes.":[86],"First,":[87],"restrict":[89],"spatial":[91],"coherence":[92,166],"shape":[93],"an":[97,186],"anisotropic":[98],"Gaussian":[99],"justify":[101],"restriction":[103,111],"general":[105],"arguments":[106],"entropy.":[109],"This":[110],"serves":[112],"simplify":[114],"rest":[116],"derivations,":[119],"without":[120],"loss":[122],"generality.":[124],"describe":[126],"partially-coherent":[127],"light,":[128],"present":[130,172,185],"new":[131],"rendering":[132,238],"primitives":[133],"generalize":[135],"radiometric":[137],"radiance":[138],"irradiance,":[140],"well-known":[146],"Stokes":[147],"parameters.":[148],"We":[149,170,204],"arbitrary":[156],"spectral":[157],"content":[158],"states":[160],"polarization,":[162],"any":[165],"volume":[167],"anisotropy.":[169],"also":[171],"BSDF":[175,193],"accurately":[177],"render":[178,218],"diffractions":[179],"effects.":[182],"Furthermore,":[183],"approach":[187],"importance":[189],"sample":[190],"facilitate":[195],"bi-directional":[196],"path":[197],"tracing,":[198],"which":[199],"has":[200],"been":[201],"previously":[202],"impossible.":[203],"show":[205],"good":[206],"agreement":[207],"state-of-the-art":[209],"methods,":[210],"but":[211],"unlike":[212],"them":[213],"where":[221],"all":[222],"materials":[224],"new,":[226],"coherence-aware":[227],"optics":[229],"materials,":[230],"performance":[233],"approaching":[234],"\"classical\"":[237],"methods.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}