{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3208388786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3527330","title":"Bugs in Quantum computing platforms: an empirical study","display_name":"Bugs in Quantum computing platforms: an empirical study","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3208388786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3527330","mag":"3208388786"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3527330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3527330","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3527330","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3527330","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045763891","display_name":"Matteo Paltenghi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2266-453X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Paltenghi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2266-453X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013438083","display_name":"Michael Pradel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1623-498X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Pradel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1623-498X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.7277,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97278786,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"OOPSLA1","first_page":"1","last_page":"27"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7303372025489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.6820064783096313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.6199092864990234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.5826772451400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.46707800030708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.42589738965034485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.42144975066185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.32325536012649536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2332189381122589}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7303372025489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.6820064783096313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.6199092864990234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.5826772451400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.46707800030708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.42589738965034485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.42144975066185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.32325536012649536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2332189381122589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3527330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3527330","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3527330","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2110.14560","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2110.14560","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.14560","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3527330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3527330","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3527330","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8390793956","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"851895","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","funder_display_name":"European Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","display_name":"European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3208388786.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3208388786.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W109452506","https://openalex.org/W1492999010","https://openalex.org/W1568345435","https://openalex.org/W1771830246","https://openalex.org/W2000659103","https://openalex.org/W2022429945","https://openalex.org/W2023035194","https://openalex.org/W2049471987","https://openalex.org/W2084652510","https://openalex.org/W2086464170","https://openalex.org/W2098456636","https://openalex.org/W2101161997","https://openalex.org/W2104301886","https://openalex.org/W2137147061","https://openalex.org/W2146878883","https://openalex.org/W2160347025","https://openalex.org/W2170737051","https://openalex.org/W2364861723","https://openalex.org/W2461570336","https://openalex.org/W2521352760","https://openalex.org/W2560674852","https://openalex.org/W2734474749","https://openalex.org/W2747329762","https://openalex.org/W2750919941","https://openalex.org/W2788197406","https://openalex.org/W2790668893","https://openalex.org/W2901272170","https://openalex.org/W2901859177","https://openalex.org/W2903762116","https://openalex.org/W2949737566","https://openalex.org/W2950018366","https://openalex.org/W2952139678","https://openalex.org/W2954903132","https://openalex.org/W2963499994","https://openalex.org/W2968594320","https://openalex.org/W2972934903","https://openalex.org/W2979679630","https://openalex.org/W2993800728","https://openalex.org/W2998011150","https://openalex.org/W3000698183","https://openalex.org/W3003877692","https://openalex.org/W3007855180","https://openalex.org/W3008321987","https://openalex.org/W3033997567","https://openalex.org/W3034549508","https://openalex.org/W3040956736","https://openalex.org/W3082991350","https://openalex.org/W3089621332","https://openalex.org/W3090397968","https://openalex.org/W3101038858","https://openalex.org/W3102773744","https://openalex.org/W3104553508","https://openalex.org/W3108052210","https://openalex.org/W3108983691","https://openalex.org/W3109010114","https://openalex.org/W3109045280","https://openalex.org/W3109961245","https://openalex.org/W3110635951","https://openalex.org/W3116601100","https://openalex.org/W3122291680","https://openalex.org/W3132847260","https://openalex.org/W3134094814","https://openalex.org/W3136163770","https://openalex.org/W3140941947","https://openalex.org/W3160700180","https://openalex.org/W3166979522","https://openalex.org/W3168488662","https://openalex.org/W3173618123","https://openalex.org/W3173827709","https://openalex.org/W3177341713","https://openalex.org/W3179419443","https://openalex.org/W3185543386","https://openalex.org/W3194069451","https://openalex.org/W3194833114","https://openalex.org/W3196239222","https://openalex.org/W4205868343","https://openalex.org/W4205876794","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4288080276","https://openalex.org/W6912699698"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1667647204","https://openalex.org/W2404647514","https://openalex.org/W4247536566","https://openalex.org/W4241418540","https://openalex.org/W2018477250","https://openalex.org/W3119814709","https://openalex.org/W1508895727","https://openalex.org/W2725786787","https://openalex.org/W4252501555","https://openalex.org/W2003848320"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,95],"interest":[1],"in":[2,53,108,159],"quantum":[3,17,54,70,115,160],"computing":[4,55,71,161],"is":[5,25],"growing,":[6],"and":[7,27,59,92,113,156,171,181],"with":[8],"it,":[9],"the":[10,20,34,47,154,176],"importance":[11,155],"of":[12,22,33,51,63,80,130,140,178],"software":[13],"platforms":[14,24],"to":[15,90,167,174],"develop":[16],"programs.":[18],"Ensuring":[19],"correctness":[21],"such":[23,132],"important,":[26],"it":[28],"requires":[29],"a":[30,61,77,138],"thorough":[31],"understanding":[32],"bugs":[35,52,66,82,96,104,120,158],"they":[36,164],"typically":[37],"suffer":[38],"from.":[39],"To":[40],"address":[41],"this":[42,44],"need,":[43],"paper":[45],"presents":[46],"first":[48],"in-depth":[49],"study":[50,74],"platforms.":[56,72],"We":[57],"gather":[58],"inspect":[60],"set":[62],"223":[64],"real-world":[65],"from":[67],"18":[68],"open-source":[69],"Our":[73,149],"shows":[75],"that":[76,110],"significant":[78],"fraction":[79],"these":[81,183],"(39.9%)":[83],"are":[84,97],"quantum-specific,":[85],"calling":[86],"for":[87],"dedicated":[88],"approaches":[89],"prevent":[91],"find":[93],"them.":[94],"spread":[98],"across":[99],"various":[100],"components,":[101],"but":[102,163],"quantum-specific":[103,119,147],"occur":[105],"particularly":[106],"often":[107],"components":[109],"represent,":[111],"compile,":[112],"optimize":[114],"programming":[116],"abstractions.":[117],"Many":[118],"manifest":[121],"through":[122],"unexpected":[123],"outputs,":[124],"rather":[125],"than":[126],"more":[127],"obvious":[128],"signs":[129],"misbehavior,":[131],"as":[133],"crashes.":[134],"Finally,":[135],"we":[136],"present":[137],"hierarchy":[139],"recurrent":[141],"bug":[142],"patterns,":[143],"including":[144],"ten":[145],"novel,":[146],"patterns.":[148],"findings":[150],"not":[151],"only":[152],"show":[153],"prevalence":[157],"platforms,":[162],"help":[165],"developers":[166],"avoid":[168],"common":[169],"mistakes":[170],"tool":[172],"builders":[173],"tackle":[175],"challenge":[177],"preventing,":[179],"finding,":[180],"fixing":[182],"bugs.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-16T13:24:37.021932","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}