{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4224861999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3526241.3530337","title":"Leverage the Average: Averaged Sampling in Pre-Silicon Side-Channel Leakage Assessment","display_name":"Leverage the Average: Averaged Sampling in Pre-Silicon Side-Channel Leakage Assessment","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4224861999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3526241.3530337"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3526241.3530337","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3526241.3530337","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608736","display_name":"Proceedings of the Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI 2022","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI 2022","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2204.04160","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019167279","display_name":"Pantea Kiaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8450-1037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pantea Kiaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114626814","display_name":"Zhenyuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2334-6130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088000939","display_name":"Patrick Schaumont","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4586-5476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Schaumont","raw_affiliation_strings":["Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019167279"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.315,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48203307,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","score":0.669183075428009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage-power","display_name":"Leakage power","score":0.6264333128929138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.6240754127502441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upsampling","display_name":"Upsampling","score":0.5738103985786438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.535753607749939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-channel-attack","display_name":"Side channel attack","score":0.5318080186843872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4791109561920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4303540289402008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.21233424544334412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2060002088546753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.18527987599372864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.14924389123916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11317703127861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.0960647463798523}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.669183075428009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987719587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1811428","display_name":"Leakage power","level":4,"score":0.6264333128929138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6240754127502441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110384440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143270","display_name":"Upsampling","level":3,"score":0.5738103985786438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.535753607749939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.5318080186843872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4791109561920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4303540289402008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.21233424544334412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2060002088546753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.18527987599372864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.14924389123916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11317703127861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0960647463798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3526241.3530337","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3526241.3530337","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608736","display_name":"Proceedings of the Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI 2022","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI 2022","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2204.04160","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2204.04160","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2204.04160","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2204.04160","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2204.04160","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2204.04160","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8661719468","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1931639","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1562542037","https://openalex.org/W2009951620","https://openalex.org/W2108691853","https://openalex.org/W2154909745","https://openalex.org/W2166595216","https://openalex.org/W2403933547","https://openalex.org/W2747724531","https://openalex.org/W2902086429","https://openalex.org/W2953160047","https://openalex.org/W2964145717","https://openalex.org/W2998730820","https://openalex.org/W3036190363","https://openalex.org/W3083065829","https://openalex.org/W3114373476","https://openalex.org/W3116079126","https://openalex.org/W3210111735","https://openalex.org/W3211174333","https://openalex.org/W4237360629","https://openalex.org/W4287208488"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062399876","https://openalex.org/W2607795551","https://openalex.org/W2900067469","https://openalex.org/W2130342263","https://openalex.org/W2968511773","https://openalex.org/W3083065829","https://openalex.org/W2128559064","https://openalex.org/W2316140901","https://openalex.org/W4400657651","https://openalex.org/W1966025033"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pre-silicon":[0],"side-channel":[1,53,77],"leakage":[2,54,78],"assessment":[3,55,79],"is":[4],"a":[5,59,75,81],"useful":[6],"tool":[7],"to":[8,69],"identify":[9],"hardware":[10],"vulnerabilities":[11],"at":[12],"design":[13],"time,":[14],"but":[15],"it":[16],"requires":[17],"many":[18],"high-resolution":[19,36],"power":[20,25,42],"traces":[21],"and":[22,33],"increases":[23],"the":[24,29,41,87,91],"simulation":[26,43],"cost":[27,44],"of":[28,52,80],"design.":[30],"By":[31],"downsampling":[32],"averaging":[34],"these":[35],"traces,":[37],"we":[38,85],"show":[39],"that":[40],"can":[45,95],"be":[46,96],"considerably":[47],"reduced":[48],"without":[49],"significant":[50],"loss":[51],"quality.":[56],"We":[57],"introduce":[58],"theoretical":[60],"basis":[61],"for":[62],"our":[63],"claims.":[64],"Our":[65],"results":[66],"demonstrate":[67],"up":[68],"6.5-fold":[70],"power-simulation":[71],"speed":[72],"improvement":[73],"on":[74],"gate-level":[76],"RISC-V":[82],"SoC.":[83],"Furthermore,":[84],"clarify":[86],"conditions":[88],"under":[89],"which":[90],"averaged":[92],"sampling":[93],"technique":[94],"successfully":[97],"used.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
