{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281727320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3526241.3530313","title":"iMAD: An In-Memory Accelerator for AdderNet with Efficient 8-bit Addition and Subtraction Operations","display_name":"iMAD: An In-Memory Accelerator for AdderNet with Efficient 8-bit Addition and Subtraction Operations","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281727320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3526241.3530313"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3526241.3530313","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3526241.3530313","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608736","display_name":"Proceedings of the Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI 2022","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI 2022","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/156404/3/GLSVLSI_2022_iMAD_Zhu%20Shien_Accepted%20Version%202022-4-21.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087479741","display_name":"Shien Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2094-7643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shien Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101832883","display_name":"Shiqing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6875-5691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiqing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038598144","display_name":"Weichen Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9348-4662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weichen Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087479741"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9149,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85388307,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"65","last_page":"70"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adder","display_name":"Adder","score":0.9234179258346558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7513316869735718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.715854823589325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7143539190292358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ternary-operation","display_name":"Ternary operation","score":0.6221439242362976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subtraction","display_name":"Subtraction","score":0.6096528172492981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplication","display_name":"Multiplication (music)","score":0.5847987532615662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.5539893507957458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5334399342536926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-memory-processing","display_name":"In-Memory Processing","score":0.49029162526130676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.481005996465683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.45708560943603516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.39213791489601135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.3918001651763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.3348827362060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23812517523765564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.135026752948761}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164620267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376953","display_name":"Adder","level":3,"score":0.9234179258346558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7513316869735718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.715854823589325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7143539190292358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64452783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1524945","display_name":"Ternary operation","level":2,"score":0.6221439242362976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68060419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40754","display_name":"Subtraction","level":2,"score":0.6096528172492981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780595030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3860309","display_name":"Multiplication (music)","level":2,"score":0.5847987532615662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5539893507957458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5334399342536926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123593499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6008583","display_name":"In-Memory Processing","level":5,"score":0.49029162526130676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.481005996465683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.45708560943603516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.39213791489601135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.3918001651763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.3348827362060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23812517523765564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.135026752948761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164120249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995982","display_name":"Web search query","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194222762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114486","display_name":"Query by Example","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3526241.3530313","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3526241.3530313","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608736","display_name":"Proceedings of the Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI 2022","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI 2022","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/156404","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/156404","pdf_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/156404/3/GLSVLSI_2022_iMAD_Zhu%20Shien_Accepted%20Version%202022-4-21.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/156404","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/156404","pdf_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/156404/3/GLSVLSI_2022_iMAD_Zhu%20Shien_Accepted%20Version%202022-4-21.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Paper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1482925484","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Tier 1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3048563442","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Tier 1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320766","funder_display_name":"Nanyang Technological University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4511758114","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NAP (M4082282) and SUG (M4082087)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320766","funder_display_name":"Nanyang Technological University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6065746574","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Academic Research Fund Tier 2 (MOE2019-T2-1-071) and Tier 1 (MOE2019-T1-001-072)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6854926366","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Tier 2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G739051916","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"M4082282","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320766","funder_display_name":"Nanyang Technological University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8867963434","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"M4082087","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320766","funder_display_name":"Nanyang Technological University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01kcva023"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320766","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322724","display_name":"Ministry of Education, India","ror":"https://ror.org/048xjjh50"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281727320.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281727320.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981276685","https://openalex.org/W2169636698","https://openalex.org/W2593172471","https://openalex.org/W2908843953","https://openalex.org/W2933452742","https://openalex.org/W2944274434","https://openalex.org/W3013202691","https://openalex.org/W3034344052","https://openalex.org/W3083136971","https://openalex.org/W3139521791","https://openalex.org/W3175873985","https://openalex.org/W3194056411"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2969278906","https://openalex.org/W4288259598","https://openalex.org/W2133919755","https://openalex.org/W4214665605","https://openalex.org/W2028996897","https://openalex.org/W4287904518","https://openalex.org/W2999956363","https://openalex.org/W157276219","https://openalex.org/W1969051252","https://openalex.org/W2995154758"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Adder":[0],"Neural":[1,10],"Network":[2],"(AdderNet)":[3],"is":[4,47],"a":[5,27],"new":[6],"type":[7],"of":[8],"Convolutional":[9],"Networks":[11],"(CNNs)":[12],"that":[13,55],"replaces":[14],"the":[15,50],"computational-intensive":[16],"multiplications":[17],"in":[18],"convolution":[19,35],"layers":[20],"with":[21,33],"lightweight":[22],"additions":[23],"and":[24,37,41,63,74,85,97,107],"subtractions.":[25],"As":[26,66],"result,":[28],"AdderNet":[29,67,78],"preserves":[30],"high":[31,39],"accuracy":[32,71,86],"adder":[34],"kernels":[36],"achieves":[38],"speed":[40],"power":[42],"efficiency.":[43],"In-Memory":[44],"Computing":[45],"(IMC)":[46],"known":[48],"as":[49],"next-generation":[51],"artificial-intelligence":[52],"computing":[53],"paradigm":[54],"has":[56,68],"been":[57],"widely":[58],"adopted":[59],"for":[60],"accelerating":[61,77],"binary":[62,73],"ternary":[64,75],"CNNs.":[65],"much":[69],"higher":[70,105],"than":[72],"CNNs,":[76],"using":[79],"IMC":[80,90],"can":[81],"obtain":[82],"both":[83],"performance":[84],"benefits.":[87],"However,":[88],"existing":[89],"devices":[91],"have":[92],"no":[93],"dedicated":[94],"subtraction":[95,99],"function,":[96],"adding":[98],"logic":[100],"may":[101],"bring":[102],"larger":[103],"area,":[104],"power,":[106],"degraded":[108],"addition":[109],"performance.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-19T08:33:51.333923","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}