{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4221044721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3526211","title":"Middleware 101","display_name":"Middleware 101","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4221044721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3526211"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3526211","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3526211","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3526211","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45584542","display_name":"Queue","issn_l":"1542-7730","issn":["1542-7730","1542-7749"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Queue","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3526211","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086055606","display_name":"Alexandros Gazis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7146-9170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147962203","display_name":"Democritus University of Thrace","ror":"https://ror.org/03bfqnx40","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandros Gazis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Democritus University of Thrace"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Democritus University of Thrace","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078175687","display_name":"Eleftheria Katsiri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6215-2574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147962203","display_name":"Democritus University of Thrace","ror":"https://ror.org/03bfqnx40","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eleftheria Katsiri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Democritus University of Thrace"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Democritus University of Thrace","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9352,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74721339,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"1","first_page":"10","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8268761038780212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middleware","display_name":"Middleware (distributed applications)","score":0.8223075866699219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/message-oriented-middleware","display_name":"Message oriented middleware","score":0.6619330644607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agile-software-development","display_name":"Agile software development","score":0.6517389416694641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.5578780174255371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.49586614966392517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gateway","display_name":"Gateway (web page)","score":0.4947964549064636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microservices","display_name":"Microservices","score":0.48600444197654724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.48199573159217834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.45793771743774414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component-based-software-engineering","display_name":"Component-based software engineering","score":0.4282700717449188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.41432690620422363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.3638852834701538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.32636138796806335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-architecture","display_name":"Software architecture","score":0.25973010063171387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.22520524263381958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.13714265823364258}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8268761038780212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169468491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146923","display_name":"Middleware (distributed applications)","level":2,"score":0.8223075866699219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123640240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1092177","display_name":"Message oriented middleware","level":4,"score":0.6619330644607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14185376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30232","display_name":"Agile software development","level":2,"score":0.6517389416694641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.5578780174255371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.49586614966392517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777710495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5527195","display_name":"Gateway (web page)","level":2,"score":0.4947964549064636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778505942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18344624","display_name":"Microservices","level":3,"score":0.48600444197654724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.48199573159217834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.45793771743774414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174683762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609588","display_name":"Component-based software engineering","level":4,"score":0.4282700717449188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.41432690620422363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.3638852834701538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.32636138796806335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35869016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846636","display_name":"Software architecture","level":3,"score":0.25973010063171387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.22520524263381958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.13714265823364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3526211","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3526211","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3526211","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45584542","display_name":"Queue","issn_l":"1542-7730","issn":["1542-7730","1542-7749"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Queue","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3526211","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3526211","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3526211","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45584542","display_name":"Queue","issn_l":"1542-7730","issn":["1542-7730","1542-7749"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Queue","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4221044721.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4221044721.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2595115180","https://openalex.org/W2606279635","https://openalex.org/W2740393752","https://openalex.org/W2793288935","https://openalex.org/W2906904256","https://openalex.org/W2916267633","https://openalex.org/W2977041594","https://openalex.org/W3101718302","https://openalex.org/W3138690829","https://openalex.org/W3151811845","https://openalex.org/W4210269212","https://openalex.org/W4229535632","https://openalex.org/W4235617718","https://openalex.org/W6606439337","https://openalex.org/W6741984926","https://openalex.org/W6814535270","https://openalex.org/W6815803960"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2398006791","https://openalex.org/W2552885802","https://openalex.org/W2349611811","https://openalex.org/W190300625","https://openalex.org/W1636186","https://openalex.org/W2275765529","https://openalex.org/W2011607066","https://openalex.org/W2382187329","https://openalex.org/W2371659312","https://openalex.org/W4221044721"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Whether":[0],"segregating":[1],"a":[2,15,113],"sophisticated":[3],"software":[4,34],"component":[5],"into":[6],"smaller":[7],"services,":[8],"transferring":[9],"data":[10],"between":[11,29],"computers,":[12],"or":[13],"creating":[14],"general":[16],"gateway":[17],"for":[18,57],"seamless":[19],"communication,":[20,63],"you":[21],"can":[22,98],"rely":[23],"on":[24,74],"middleware":[25,83],"to":[26,52,92,111],"achieve":[27],"communication":[28],"different":[30],"devices,":[31],"applications,":[32],"and":[33,65,77,102],"layers.":[35],"Following":[36],"the":[37,41,46],"increasing":[38],"agile":[39,78],"movement,":[40],"tech":[42],"industry":[43],"has":[44],"adopted":[45],"use":[47],"of":[48,55],"fast":[49],"waterfall":[50],"models":[51],"create":[53],"stacks":[54],"layers":[56],"each":[58],"structural":[59],"need,":[60],"including":[61],"integration,":[62],"data,":[64],"security.":[66],"Given":[67],"this":[68],"scope,":[69],"emphasis":[70],"must":[71],"now":[72],"be":[73],"endpoint":[75],"connection":[76],"development.":[79],"This":[80],"means":[81],"that":[82],"should":[84],"not":[85],"serve":[86],"solely":[87],"as":[88],"an":[89],"object-oriented":[90],"solution":[91],"execute":[93],"simple":[94],"request-response":[95],"commands.":[96],"Middleware":[97],"incorporate":[99],"pull-push":[100],"events":[101],"streams":[103],"via":[104],"multiple":[105],"gateways":[106],"by":[107],"combining":[108],"microservices":[109],"architectures":[110],"develop":[112],"holistic":[114],"decentralized":[115],"ecosystem.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2022-04-03T00:00:00"}