{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4307475988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3526113.3545668","title":"MechARspace: An Authoring System Enabling Bidirectional Binding of Augmented Reality with Toys in Real-time","display_name":"MechARspace: An Authoring System Enabling Bidirectional Binding of Augmented Reality with Toys in Real-time","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4307475988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3526113.3545668"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3526113.3545668","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3526113.3545668","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3526113.3545668","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 35th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3526113.3545668","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034027961","display_name":"Zhengzhe Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9935-0518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhengzhe Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100383203","display_name":"Ziyi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2407-9599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziyi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112225428","display_name":"Tianyi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1844-8582"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, United States","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069281999","display_name":"Youyou Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3088-9520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youyou Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072861400","display_name":"Xun Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1976-7992"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xun Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, United States","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043882001","display_name":"Pashin Farsak Raja","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pashin Farsak Raja","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering - C Design Lab, Purdue University, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering - C Design Lab, Purdue University, United States","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016926615","display_name":"Ana Villanueva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7619-6359"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana Villanueva","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, United States","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004602626","display_name":"Karthik Ramani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8639-5135"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karthik Ramani","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, United States","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034027961"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9542,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88425365,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8489727973937988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/augmented-reality","display_name":"Augmented reality","score":0.8114879131317139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.7389534115791321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artifact","display_name":"Artifact (error)","score":0.7323737144470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/session","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","score":0.5964703559875488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5875326991081238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.5717943906784058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authoring-system","display_name":"Authoring system","score":0.5712726712226868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.5512361526489258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plug-in","display_name":"Plug-in","score":0.5470117926597595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.49895405769348145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-interface","display_name":"User interface","score":0.4280998706817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.22597676515579224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1307438313961029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10058817267417908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08811348676681519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8489727973937988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153715457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183","display_name":"Augmented reality","level":2,"score":0.8114879131317139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.7389534115791321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779010991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2720909","display_name":"Artifact (error)","level":2,"score":0.7323737144470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779182362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126187","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","level":2,"score":0.5964703559875488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5875326991081238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.5717943906784058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776803701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2463207","display_name":"Authoring system","level":2,"score":0.5712726712226868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.5512361526489258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4924752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184148","display_name":"Plug-in","level":2,"score":0.5470117926597595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.49895405769348145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.4280998706817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.22597676515579224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1307438313961029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10058817267417908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08811348676681519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3526113.3545668","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3526113.3545668","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3526113.3545668","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 35th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3526113.3545668","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3526113.3545668","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3526113.3545668","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 35th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4307475988.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4307475988.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492324553","https://openalex.org/W1969697336","https://openalex.org/W1974831004","https://openalex.org/W1982964073","https://openalex.org/W1994547327","https://openalex.org/W1995067288","https://openalex.org/W2002169515","https://openalex.org/W2016695943","https://openalex.org/W2023412552","https://openalex.org/W2047060504","https://openalex.org/W2049621346","https://openalex.org/W2052577260","https://openalex.org/W2061585524","https://openalex.org/W2078779049","https://openalex.org/W2081048174","https://openalex.org/W2081936091","https://openalex.org/W2084349964","https://openalex.org/W2087745688","https://openalex.org/W2088479982","https://openalex.org/W2103991771","https://openalex.org/W2108598000","https://openalex.org/W2120477086","https://openalex.org/W2130733969","https://openalex.org/W2138439798","https://openalex.org/W2141946720","https://openalex.org/W2149891956","https://openalex.org/W2157451878","https://openalex.org/W2346915687","https://openalex.org/W2401513457","https://openalex.org/W2403959797","https://openalex.org/W2487305395","https://openalex.org/W2557468862","https://openalex.org/W2563102142","https://openalex.org/W2592368662","https://openalex.org/W2592581233","https://openalex.org/W2601550132","https://openalex.org/W2760735355","https://openalex.org/W2765712074","https://openalex.org/W2766538591","https://openalex.org/W2787255118","https://openalex.org/W2793116587","https://openalex.org/W2795580332","https://openalex.org/W2795619128","https://openalex.org/W2798877931","https://openalex.org/W2900225429","https://openalex.org/W2913245132","https://openalex.org/W2943535317","https://openalex.org/W2950197782","https://openalex.org/W2980937684","https://openalex.org/W2981149162","https://openalex.org/W3028804793","https://openalex.org/W3029006481","https://openalex.org/W3029993366","https://openalex.org/W3031086278","https://openalex.org/W3032739077","https://openalex.org/W3040997638","https://openalex.org/W3048557070","https://openalex.org/W3080456804","https://openalex.org/W3093907960","https://openalex.org/W3093960360","https://openalex.org/W3131117436","https://openalex.org/W3160976423","https://openalex.org/W3163045446","https://openalex.org/W3207961138","https://openalex.org/W4211008118","https://openalex.org/W4226490480","https://openalex.org/W4230007015","https://openalex.org/W4233985166","https://openalex.org/W4234404140","https://openalex.org/W6672913216"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4287378204","https://openalex.org/W2981957539","https://openalex.org/W47352601","https://openalex.org/W2545422590","https://openalex.org/W4240705470","https://openalex.org/W2945311252","https://openalex.org/W2172197285","https://openalex.org/W2091293117","https://openalex.org/W1731855986","https://openalex.org/W1979386049"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Augmented":[0],"Reality":[1],"(AR),":[2],"which":[3,89,120],"blends":[4],"physical":[5],"and":[6,24,35,48,75,102,126,164],"virtual":[7],"worlds,":[8],"presents":[9],"the":[10,25,46,52,80,94,105,109,115],"possibility":[11],"of":[12,51,99,117,160],"enhancing":[13],"traditional":[14,39],"toy":[15,95,110,170],"design.":[16],"By":[17],"leveraging":[18],"bidirectional":[19,86],"virtual-physical":[20],"interactions":[21,71,163],"between":[22],"humans":[23],"designed":[26],"artifact,":[27],"such":[28],"AR-enhanced":[29,169],"toys":[30],"can":[31],"provide":[32],"more":[33],"playful":[34],"interactive":[36],"experiences":[37],"for":[38],"toys.":[40],"However,":[41],"designers":[42],"are":[43],"constrained":[44],"by":[45,137],"complexity":[47],"technical":[49],"difficulties":[50],"current":[53],"AR":[54,100,106],"content":[55,107],"creation":[56],"processes.":[57],"We":[58,131],"propose":[59,84],"MechARspace,":[60],"an":[61,127],"immersive":[62],"authoring":[63,129],"system":[64,119,148],"that":[65],"supports":[66],"users":[67,155],"to":[68,97,108,139],"create":[69],"toy-AR":[70,162],"through":[72],"direct":[73],"manipulation":[74],"visual":[76],"programming.":[77],"Based":[78],"on":[79],"elicitation":[81],"study,":[82],"we":[83,145],"a":[85,122,150,158],"interaction":[87,142],"model":[88,113],"maps":[90],"both":[91],"ways:":[92],"from":[93,104],"inputs":[96],"reactions":[98],"content,":[101],"also":[103],"reactions.":[111],"This":[112],"guides":[114],"design":[116],"our":[118,147],"includes":[121],"plug-and-play":[123],"hardware":[124],"toolkit":[125],"in-situ":[128],"interface.":[130],"present":[132],"multiple":[133],"use":[134],"cases":[135],"enabled":[136],"MechARspace":[138],"validate":[140],"this":[141],"model.":[143],"Finally,":[144],"evaluate":[146],"with":[149],"two-session":[151],"user":[152],"study":[153],"where":[154],"first":[156],"recreated":[157],"set":[159],"predefined":[161],"then":[165],"implemented":[166],"their":[167],"own":[168],"designs.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}