{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4292053086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3524843.3528093","title":"PILOT","display_name":"PILOT","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4292053086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3524843.3528093"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3524843.3528093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3524843.3528093","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Technical Debt","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006635743","display_name":"Amleto Di Salle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0163-9784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26415053","display_name":"University of L'Aquila","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9p1r26","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amleto Di Salle","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of L'Aquila, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of L'Aquila, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086195836","display_name":"Alessandra Rota","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3379-2003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandra Rota","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023235306","display_name":"Phuong T. Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3666-4162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26415053","display_name":"University of L'Aquila","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9p1r26","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phuong T. Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of L'Aquila, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of L'Aquila, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002764716","display_name":"Davide Di Ruscio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5077-6793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26415053","display_name":"University of L'Aquila","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9p1r26","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Di Ruscio","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of L'Aquila, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of L'Aquila, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024421637","display_name":"Francesca Arcelli Fontana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1195-530X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesca Arcelli Fontana","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001181413","display_name":"Irene Sala","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irene Sala","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"41","last_page":"45"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.973800003528595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8676183223724365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.6729763746261597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technical-debt","display_name":"Technical debt","score":0.611388087272644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.5604974627494812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5235923528671265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5147104859352112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-review","display_name":"Code review","score":0.4820878803730011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4788103699684143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4355519115924835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4306624233722687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.40582698583602905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.34405118227005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3329942226409912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.3288435935974121}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8676183223724365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.6729763746261597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159198006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1532172","display_name":"Technical debt","level":4,"score":0.611388087272644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.5604974627494812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5235923528671265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5147104859352112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150292731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1342704","display_name":"Code review","level":5,"score":0.4820878803730011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4788103699684143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4355519115924835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4306624233722687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.40582698583602905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.34405118227005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3329942226409912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.3288435935974121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3524843.3528093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3524843.3528093","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Technical Debt","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:boa.unimib.it:10281/396070","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10281/396070","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401259","display_name":"BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","host_organization_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1604938182","https://openalex.org/W1832693441","https://openalex.org/W2045336717","https://openalex.org/W2098162425","https://openalex.org/W2144211451","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2395955025","https://openalex.org/W2579161546","https://openalex.org/W2612705982","https://openalex.org/W2799610300","https://openalex.org/W2809626883","https://openalex.org/W2962946486","https://openalex.org/W2966158888","https://openalex.org/W2990920816","https://openalex.org/W2998678832","https://openalex.org/W3102203125","https://openalex.org/W3156333129","https://openalex.org/W3165664462","https://openalex.org/W3174879006","https://openalex.org/W3185244049"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2967990473","https://openalex.org/W3115515323","https://openalex.org/W2206096527","https://openalex.org/W4360765002","https://openalex.org/W2598593295","https://openalex.org/W4385489206","https://openalex.org/W2964958795","https://openalex.org/W4313330935","https://openalex.org/W3080075033","https://openalex.org/W2079150660"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"the":[1,45,88,160],"development":[2,46],"phase,":[3],"software":[4],"programmers":[5,51],"usually":[6],"introduce":[7,64],"code":[8,25,40,61],"that":[9,54,135,148],"contains":[10],"issues":[11,53],"intentionally":[12],"left":[13],"for":[14,19],"additional":[15],"treatment.":[16],"To":[17],"allow":[18],"future":[20],"fixing,":[21],"they":[22],"mark":[23],"such":[24],"using":[26,95,124],"textual":[27],"comments,":[28,107],"resulting":[29],"in":[30,38,44,153,159,169],"Self-Admitted":[31],"Technical":[32],"Debt":[33],"(SATD).":[34],"Detecting":[35],"SATD":[36,91,167],"contained":[37],"source":[39],"has":[41],"become":[42],"crucial":[43],"cycle":[47],"since":[48],"it":[49,123,162],"helps":[50],"locate":[52],"need":[55],"to":[56,105,174],"be":[57],"solved,":[58],"thus":[59],"improving":[60],"quality.":[62],"We":[63,111,146],"PILOT,":[65],"a":[66,74,113,117,143],"technical":[67],"debt":[68],"detector":[69],"built":[70,112],"on":[71],"top":[72],"of":[73,76,129],"combination":[75],"different":[77],"natural":[78],"language":[79],"processing":[80],"(NLP)":[81],"and":[82,121,141,177],"machine":[83],"learning":[84],"(ML)":[85],"techniques.":[86],"First,":[87],"semantic":[89],"among":[90],"comments":[92],"is":[93],"captured":[94],"feature":[96],"extraction":[97],"steps.":[98],"Then,":[99],"neural":[100,119],"network":[101,120],"algorithms":[102],"are":[103],"applied":[104],"classify":[106],"represented":[108],"as":[109,127,155],"vectors.":[110],"PILOT":[114,136],"prototype":[115],"with":[116],"feed-forward":[118],"evaluated":[122],"real-world":[125],"datasets":[126],"proof":[128],"concept.":[130],"The":[131],"empirical":[132],"evaluation":[133],"shows":[134],"obtains":[137],"an":[138],"encouraging":[139],"performance":[140],"outperforms":[142],"well-established":[144],"baseline.":[145],"anticipate":[147],"our":[149],"tool":[150],"will":[151],"come":[152],"handy,":[154],"once":[156],"being":[157],"embedded":[158],"IDE,":[161],"can":[163],"help":[164],"developers":[165],"recognize":[166],"manifested":[168],"their":[170],"code,":[171],"allowing":[172],"them":[173],"conveniently":[175],"identify":[176],"fix":[178],"issues.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2022-08-17T00:00:00"}
