{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4225280467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3523111.3523125","title":"Propensity Score Matching on Discrete Treatment: Beijing Pm2.5 Case Study","display_name":"Propensity Score Matching on Discrete Treatment: Beijing Pm2.5 Case Study","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4225280467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3523111.3523125"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3523111.3523125","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3523111.3523125","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 the 5th International Conference on Machine Vision and Applications (ICMVA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101551499","display_name":"Jie Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0272-2915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jie Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of information science and engineering, Lanzhou University,School of information science and engineering, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of information science and engineering, Lanzhou University,School of information science and engineering, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013977478","display_name":"Shaofei Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4543-4838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","display_name":"Queensland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03pnv4752","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaofei Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Queensland, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Queensland, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911","https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115602261","display_name":"Jing Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0048-2241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science,Electrical and Electronic Engineering,and Engineering Maths, University of Bristol, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science,Electrical and Electronic Engineering,and Engineering Maths, University of Bristol, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101840412","display_name":"Siqi Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8958-1889"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134189","display_name":"Xiamen University Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/0331wa828","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505","https://openalex.org/I4210134189"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siqi Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of information Science and Technology, Xiamen University Malaysia, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of information Science and Technology, Xiamen University Malaysia, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134189"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101589898","display_name":"Yijing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8420-2213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134189","display_name":"Xiamen University Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/0331wa828","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505","https://openalex.org/I4210134189"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yijing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of information Science and Technology, Xiamen University Malaysia, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of information Science and Technology, Xiamen University Malaysia, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134189"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101551499"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04318865,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"93","last_page":"98"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10136","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Inference","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10243","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference","score":0.9817000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propensity-score-matching","display_name":"Propensity score matching","score":0.9703881144523621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-inference","display_name":"Causal inference","score":0.851097583770752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.7574983835220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/average-treatment-effect","display_name":"Average treatment effect","score":0.6425004005432129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-effect","display_name":"Treatment effect","score":0.5067573189735413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beijing","display_name":"Beijing","score":0.4935973882675171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.48960524797439575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.4894622564315796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48092982172966003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44212082028388977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.42090967297554016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logistic-regression","display_name":"Logistic regression","score":0.4189910292625427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3711537718772888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.37073850631713867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3081672787666321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2098388373851776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.07405275106430054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traditional-medicine","display_name":"Traditional medicine","score":0.0709267258644104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17923572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7250160","display_name":"Propensity score matching","level":2,"score":0.9703881144523621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158600405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054566","display_name":"Causal inference","level":2,"score":0.851097583770752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.7574983835220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89337504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4828276","display_name":"Average treatment effect","level":3,"score":0.6425004005432129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987370644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7836903","display_name":"Treatment effect","level":2,"score":0.5067573189735413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778304055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657474","display_name":"Beijing","level":3,"score":0.4935973882675171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.48960524797439575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.4894622564315796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48092982172966003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44212082028388977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.42090967297554016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.4189910292625427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3711537718772888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.37073850631713867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3081672787666321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2098388373851776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07405275106430054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.0709267258644104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3523111.3523125","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3523111.3523125","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 the 5th International Conference on Machine Vision and Applications (ICMVA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:/ir.lzu.edu.cn/:262010/482107","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.lzu.edu.cn/handle/262010/482107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923049","display_name":"Lanzhou University Institutional Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference article (CA)"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002646960","https://openalex.org/W2150291618","https://openalex.org/W2208550830","https://openalex.org/W2581073214","https://openalex.org/W2901799294","https://openalex.org/W2903586534","https://openalex.org/W4233471163","https://openalex.org/W4234712938","https://openalex.org/W4299515571"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2947954788","https://openalex.org/W4281756720","https://openalex.org/W4225280467","https://openalex.org/W2055296410","https://openalex.org/W4323042385","https://openalex.org/W2186055667","https://openalex.org/W3010167370","https://openalex.org/W2264320993","https://openalex.org/W4214866948","https://openalex.org/W4299461512"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract\u2014In":[0],"causal":[1,14],"inference,":[2],"propensity":[3,85,93,112,128],"score":[4,86,94,113,129],"matching":[5,87,130],"(PSM)":[6],"is":[7,50,60],"an":[8],"effective":[9],"method":[10],"to":[11,36,79,109,122,135],"estimate":[12,110],"the":[13,38,43,47,74,84,90,98,111,133,136],"effect":[15,81],"between":[16],"treatment":[17,25,41,49,59,76],"and":[18,33,131],"potential":[19,44],"outcomes.":[20,45],"The":[21,57],"PSM":[22],"with":[23,127],"binary":[24,48,78],"has":[26],"been":[27],"widely":[28],"used":[29],"in":[30],"medicine,":[31],"economics,":[32],"sociology":[34],"fields":[35],"evaluate":[37],"influence":[39],"of":[40,54,65,92,117],"on":[42,73],"However,":[46],"a":[51,62],"special":[52],"case":[53,64],"discrete":[55,66,75],"treatment.":[56,67,118],"multi-level":[58],"also":[61],"universal":[63],"Therefore,":[68],"this":[69],"essay":[70],"will":[71],"focus":[72],"(from":[77],"multi-level)":[80],"estimation":[82],"by":[83],"method.":[88],"In":[89],"procedure":[91],"matching,":[95],"apart":[96],"from":[97],"logistic":[99],"model,":[100],"more":[101],"other":[102],"machine":[103,124],"learning":[104,125],"models":[105,126],"can":[106],"be":[107],"applied":[108],"for":[114],"different":[115],"types":[116],"This":[119],"paper":[120],"aims":[121],"combine":[123],"apply":[132],"methods":[134],"Beijing":[137],"pm":[138],"2.5":[139],"dataset.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}