{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4229375171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3522783.3529522","title":"Beam Pattern Fingerprinting with Missing Features for Spoofing Attack Detection in Millimeter-Wave Networks","display_name":"Beam Pattern Fingerprinting with Missing Features for Spoofing Attack Detection in Millimeter-Wave Networks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4229375171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3522783.3529522"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3522783.3529522","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3522783.3529522","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3522783.3529522","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 ACM Workshop on Wireless Security and Machine Learning","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3522783.3529522","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037265393","display_name":"Ya Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9274-8726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ya Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087996220","display_name":"Long Jiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6790-8932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Jiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048756500","display_name":"Liang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2648-9989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078480632","display_name":"Kai Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3279-0695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.413,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43962791,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"75","last_page":"80"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.816960334777832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7942261695861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.45030108094215393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4478929936885834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.42879366874694824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.4264284372329712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3361310064792633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.28019458055496216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1826651692390442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.12354373931884766}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.816960334777832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7942261695861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.45030108094215393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4478929936885834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.42879366874694824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4264284372329712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3361310064792633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.28019458055496216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1826651692390442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.12354373931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3522783.3529522","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3522783.3529522","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3522783.3529522","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 ACM Workshop on Wireless Security and Machine Learning","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3522783.3529522","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3522783.3529522","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3522783.3529522","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 ACM Workshop on Wireless Security and Machine Learning","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1432373144","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF-21-1-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3119680851","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF-21-1-0187","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7452299184","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","display_name":"Army Research Office","ror":"https://ror.org/05epdh915"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4229375171.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4229375171.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008599619","https://openalex.org/W2095377654","https://openalex.org/W2100871495","https://openalex.org/W2109631601","https://openalex.org/W2917156996","https://openalex.org/W2994635693","https://openalex.org/W3000404972","https://openalex.org/W3047322466","https://openalex.org/W3100201096","https://openalex.org/W3120254830","https://openalex.org/W4292363360"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2188559950","https://openalex.org/W2998478967","https://openalex.org/W2989910292","https://openalex.org/W2123299109","https://openalex.org/W3128793638","https://openalex.org/W2021230337","https://openalex.org/W4401097268","https://openalex.org/W4391805690","https://openalex.org/W2607818178","https://openalex.org/W3153057489"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"one":[1],"of":[2,7,38,112,122,181,204],"the":[3,15,35,54,63,69,91,110,197,216],"key":[4],"enabling":[5],"technologies":[6],"5G":[8],"wireless":[9,39],"communication,":[10,43],"millimeter-Wave":[11],"(mmWave)":[12],"technology":[13],"unlocks":[14],"ultra-wide":[16],"bandwidth":[17],"opportunity":[18],"in":[19,80,99],"supporting":[20],"high-throughput":[21],"(e.g.,":[22],"multi-Gbps)":[23],"and":[24,160],"ultra-low":[25],"latency":[26],"applications":[27],"at":[28],"much":[29],"lower":[30],"cost-per-bit.":[31],"However,":[32,83],"due":[33],"to":[34,49,76,103,215],"broadcast":[36],"nature":[37],"medium,":[40],"like":[41],"sub-6GHz":[42],"mmWave":[44,81],"communication":[45],"is":[46,95],"still":[47],"subject":[48],"various":[50,189],"attacks,":[51],"such":[52],"as":[53,141,143],"identity":[55,162],"spoofing":[56,78,163],"attacks.":[57],"Recently,":[58],"beam":[59,70,86,93,114,124],"pattern":[60],"fingerprinting":[61],"using":[62],"signal-to-noise-ratio":[64],"(SNR)":[65],"traces":[66,128],"obtained":[67],"during":[68],"sweeping":[71,87],"process":[72],"has":[73],"been":[74],"proposed":[75,173],"detect":[77],"attacks":[79],"networks.":[82],"a":[84,120,151,158,177],"complete":[85,223],"that":[88,155,171],"tests":[89],"all":[90],"tx-rx":[92,123],"pairs":[94],"not":[96],"always":[97],"applied":[98],"practice.":[100],"That":[101],"is,":[102],"save":[104],"link":[105],"initialization":[106],"or":[107],"maintenance":[108],"overhead,":[109],"implementation":[111],"efficient":[113],"management":[115],"schemes":[116],"usually":[117],"only":[118,222],"probes":[119],"subset":[121],"pairs.":[125],"Therefore,":[126],"SNR":[127],"could":[129],"randomly":[130],"miss":[131],"some":[132],"features,":[133,213],"which":[134],"will":[135],"bring":[136],"challenges":[137],"for":[138],"fingerprint":[139],"training":[140],"well":[142],"online":[144],"prediction.":[145],"In":[146,193],"this":[147],"work,":[148],"we":[149],"build":[150],"machine":[152],"learning":[153],"model":[154,217],"can":[156,175],"achieve":[157,176],"fast":[159],"highly-accurate":[161],"detection":[164,179,186,207],"under":[165,188,211],"missing":[166,191,212],"features.":[167,224],"Experimental":[168],"results":[169],"show":[170],"our":[172],"approach":[174],"high":[178],"accuracy":[180],"almost":[182],"100%":[183],"with":[184,221],"short":[185],"delay":[187],"feature":[190],"patterns.":[192],"addition,":[194],"it":[195],"improves":[196],"performance":[198],"(i.e.,":[199],"accuracy,":[200],"precision,":[201],"recall,":[202],"F1-score)":[203],"co-located":[205],"attack":[206],"by":[208],"over":[209],"18%":[210],"compared":[214],"trained":[218],"on":[219],"data":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}