{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313186718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3522664.3528615","title":"Structural causal models as boundary objects in AI system development","display_name":"Structural causal models as boundary objects in AI system development","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313186718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3522664.3528615"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3522664.3528615","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3522664.3528615","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3522664.3528615","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on AI Engineering: Software Engineering for AI","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3522664.3528615","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080435602","display_name":"Hans-Martin Heyn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2427-6875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881427289","display_name":"University of Gothenburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01tm6cn81","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hans-Martin Heyn","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Gothenburg, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069018122","display_name":"Eric Knauss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6631-872X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881427289","display_name":"University of Gothenburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01tm6cn81","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Knauss","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Gothenburg, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080435602"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8328,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78391294,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"43","last_page":"45"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9763000011444092,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12805","display_name":"Cognitive Science and Mapping","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-model","display_name":"Causal model","score":0.735122561454773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7103897929191589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causality","display_name":"Causality (physics)","score":0.7073002457618713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6227120757102966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.570845365524292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-structure","display_name":"Causal structure","score":0.4971373379230499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.42935341596603394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4248560965061188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.37784215807914734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.3442533314228058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.12555131316184998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.09922251105308533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09145417809486389}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11671645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054567","display_name":"Causal model","level":2,"score":0.735122561454773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7103897929191589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7073002457618713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6227120757102966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.570845365524292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163504300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2364925","display_name":"Causal structure","level":2,"score":0.4971373379230499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.42935341596603394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4248560965061188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.37784215807914734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.3442533314228058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.12555131316184998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.09922251105308533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09145417809486389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3522664.3528615","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3522664.3528615","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3522664.3528615","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on AI Engineering: Software Engineering for AI","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3522664.3528615","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3522664.3528615","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3522664.3528615","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on AI Engineering: Software Engineering for AI","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313186718.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313186718.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2486285194","https://openalex.org/W2801890059","https://openalex.org/W2941419764","https://openalex.org/W2947823456","https://openalex.org/W3006087551","https://openalex.org/W3098536481","https://openalex.org/W3118738952"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2950035905","https://openalex.org/W2072483141","https://openalex.org/W3098638521","https://openalex.org/W4312269093","https://openalex.org/W3098259173","https://openalex.org/W3123305972","https://openalex.org/W4249439171","https://openalex.org/W2018580387","https://openalex.org/W2964187211","https://openalex.org/W3135588948"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Artificial":[0],"Intelligence":[1],"(AI),":[2],"and":[3,72,95,129],"especially":[4],"machine":[5],"learning":[6],"can":[7,48,113],"be":[8],"used":[9],"to":[10,29,50,69,87],"find":[11],"statistical":[12,79],"patterns":[13],"in":[14,91,132],"datasets":[15],"with":[16,20],"thousands":[17],"of":[18,25,60,81,122],"variables":[19],"ease.":[21],"But":[22],"an":[23,82],"understanding":[24],"causality":[26],"is":[27,40,86],"difficult":[28,44],"learn":[30],"for":[31],"a":[32,43,104],"machine.":[33],"For":[34],"humans":[35],"however,":[36],"realising":[37],"causal":[38,62,74,92,111],"relations":[39,75,93],"often":[41],"not":[42],"process,":[45],"as":[46,115],"we":[47,56,107],"refer":[49],"experience":[51],"or":[52],"scientific":[53],"knowledge.":[54],"Here":[55],"propose":[57],"the":[58,78],"use":[59,96],"structural":[61,110],"models,":[63],"represented":[64],"through":[65],"direct":[66],"acyclic":[67],"graphs,":[68],"design,":[70],"determine,":[71],"communicate":[73],"hidden":[76],"beyond":[77],"models":[80,112],"AI.":[83],"The":[84],"idea":[85],"make":[88],"human":[89],"insight":[90],"explicit":[94],"this":[97],"knowledge":[98],"during":[99],"AI":[100,130,133],"system":[101,134],"development.":[102,135],"In":[103],"joint-industry":[105],"project":[106],"discovered":[108],"that":[109,119],"serve":[114],"living":[116],"boundary":[117],"objects":[118],"facilitate":[120],"coordination":[121],"domain":[123],"experts,":[124],"data":[125],"scientists,":[126],"systems":[127],"engineers,":[128],"experts":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T06:02:45.956762","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}