{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3035586298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3522577","title":"The Development and Deployment of Formal Methods in the UK","display_name":"The Development and Deployment of Formal Methods in the UK","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3035586298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3522577","mag":"3035586298"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3522577","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3522577","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3522577","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128250343","display_name":"Formal Aspects of Computing","issn_l":"0934-5043","issn":["0934-5043","1433-299X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Formal Aspects of Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3522577","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087996237","display_name":"Cliff B. Jones","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0038-6623"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cliff B. Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042355287","display_name":"Martyn Thomas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1226-2772"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martyn Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emeritus Professor of IT, Gresham College, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emeritus Professor of IT, Gresham College, London, UK","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087996237"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5514,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63650498,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.8246909379959106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underpinning","display_name":"Underpinning","score":0.8007017374038696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5869818925857544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-methods","display_name":"Formal methods","score":0.5835962295532227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-of-computation","display_name":"Theory of computation","score":0.5336084365844727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.46757984161376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/development","display_name":"Development (topology)","score":0.4380192756652832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.4297247529029846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.4262581467628479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.31283438205718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.24048548936843872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.206081360578537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1542471945285797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10715535283088684}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.8246909379959106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780871342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7883752","display_name":"Underpinning","level":2,"score":0.8007017374038696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5869818925857544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75606506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049183","display_name":"Formal methods","level":2,"score":0.5835962295532227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24858836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844718","display_name":"Theory of computation","level":2,"score":0.5336084365844727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.46757984161376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5266672","display_name":"Development (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4380192756652832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.4297247529029846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4262581467628479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.31283438205718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.24048548936843872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.206081360578537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1542471945285797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10715535283088684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3522577","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3522577","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3522577","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128250343","display_name":"Formal Aspects of Computing","issn_l":"0934-5043","issn":["0934-5043","1433-299X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Formal Aspects of Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ncl.ac.uk:286649","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402485","display_name":"Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","host_organization_name":"Newcastle University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3522577","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3522577","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3522577","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128250343","display_name":"Formal Aspects of Computing","issn_l":"0934-5043","issn":["0934-5043","1433-299X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Formal Aspects of Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1553408135","display_name":"What is a program? Historical and Philosophical Perspectives","funder_award_id":"ANR-17-CE38-0003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1580021651","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RPG-2019-020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319993","funder_display_name":"Leverhulme Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4713548806","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/K011707/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6803667113","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ANR-17","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6851345361","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G748102469","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ANR-17-CE38-0003-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7623947960","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/E035329/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319993","display_name":"Leverhulme Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/012mzw131"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3035586298.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3035586298.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11725919","https://openalex.org/W17465306","https://openalex.org/W59502829","https://openalex.org/W81421461","https://openalex.org/W96395447","https://openalex.org/W580668626","https://openalex.org/W1511826042","https://openalex.org/W1518675260","https://openalex.org/W1519586091","https://openalex.org/W1523410483","https://openalex.org/W1524470805","https://openalex.org/W1543142665","https://openalex.org/W1550026178","https://openalex.org/W1551592336","https://openalex.org/W1555432946","https://openalex.org/W1556900989","https://openalex.org/W1559870885","https://openalex.org/W1561946714","https://openalex.org/W1574621793","https://openalex.org/W1585197271","https://openalex.org/W1588335385","https://openalex.org/W1590504265","https://openalex.org/W1600849051","https://openalex.org/W1603860756","https://openalex.org/W1609389414","https://openalex.org/W1907330707","https://openalex.org/W1979411755","https://openalex.org/W2000061490","https://openalex.org/W2007809070","https://openalex.org/W2020620442","https://openalex.org/W2022429840","https://openalex.org/W2026370261","https://openalex.org/W2032753290","https://openalex.org/W2046810743","https://openalex.org/W2062978145","https://openalex.org/W2081380714","https://openalex.org/W2115937516","https://openalex.org/W2116352900","https://openalex.org/W2122703165","https://openalex.org/W2127118596","https://openalex.org/W2132761501","https://openalex.org/W2137865376","https://openalex.org/W2144687289","https://openalex.org/W2150189917","https://openalex.org/W2169102479","https://openalex.org/W2169248079","https://openalex.org/W2332798606","https://openalex.org/W2477314165","https://openalex.org/W2519330796","https://openalex.org/W2561675875","https://openalex.org/W2753161755","https://openalex.org/W2753843609","https://openalex.org/W2796957407","https://openalex.org/W2884432391","https://openalex.org/W2900848683","https://openalex.org/W2909288499","https://openalex.org/W2964232059","https://openalex.org/W2964806919","https://openalex.org/W2971627214","https://openalex.org/W2987907651","https://openalex.org/W2991353706","https://openalex.org/W3010700826","https://openalex.org/W3082634688","https://openalex.org/W3088608579","https://openalex.org/W3099610013","https://openalex.org/W3105185804","https://openalex.org/W3146075203","https://openalex.org/W3151527711","https://openalex.org/W3181847392","https://openalex.org/W4200437704","https://openalex.org/W4210639184","https://openalex.org/W4212848896","https://openalex.org/W4213176313","https://openalex.org/W4241126266","https://openalex.org/W4245144701","https://openalex.org/W4253748132","https://openalex.org/W4256124958","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4296471858","https://openalex.org/W6906772348"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W623382837","https://openalex.org/W2155197844","https://openalex.org/W2349226017","https://openalex.org/W2349376052","https://openalex.org/W4388543378","https://openalex.org/W2093477105","https://openalex.org/W2375628069","https://openalex.org/W2358280189","https://openalex.org/W2369522881","https://openalex.org/W2094023431"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"addition":[1],"to":[2,7,12,28,79,101,113],"the":[3,13,30,39,81,107],"major":[4],"UK":[5],"contributions":[6],"research":[8],"underpinning":[9],"formal":[10,51],"approaches":[11],"specification":[14],"and":[15,56,73,96],"development":[16],"of":[17,24,44,64,87,109],"computer":[18],"systems\u2014and":[19],"perhaps":[20],"as":[21],"a":[22,61,93],"consequence":[23],"this\u2014some":[25],"significant":[26,62],"attempts":[27,76],"deploy":[29],"ideas":[31,72,82],"into":[32],"practical":[33],"environments":[34],"have":[35,47,91],"taken":[36],"place":[37],"in":[38,50,83],"United":[40],"Kingdom.":[41],"The":[42],"authors":[43],"this":[45,65],"article":[46,68],"been":[48,92],"involved":[49],"methods":[52],"for":[53],"many":[54],"years":[55],"both":[57,69],"had":[58],"contact":[59],"with":[60],"proportion":[63],"history.":[66],"This":[67],"lists":[70],"key":[71],"indicates":[74],"where":[75],"were":[77],"made":[78,100],"use":[80],"practice.":[84],"Not":[85],"all":[86],"these":[88],"deployment":[89],"stories":[90],"complete":[94],"success":[95],"an":[97],"attempt":[98],"is":[99],"tease":[102],"out":[103],"lessons":[104],"that":[105],"influence":[106],"probability":[108],"successful":[110],"long-term":[111],"changes":[112],"software":[114],"engineering.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-13T16:22:10.518609","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}