{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3177492523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3519270.3538430","title":"Internet Computer Consensus","display_name":"Internet Computer Consensus","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3177492523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3519270.3538430","mag":"3177492523"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3519270.3538430","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3519270.3538430","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045989894","display_name":"Jan Camenisch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6654-9459"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jan Camenisch","raw_affiliation_strings":["DFINITY Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DFINITY Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011285964","display_name":"Manu Drijvers","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manu Drijvers","raw_affiliation_strings":["DFINITY Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DFINITY Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026080046","display_name":"Timo Hanke","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timo Hanke","raw_affiliation_strings":["DFINITY Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DFINITY Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061384202","display_name":"Yvonne-Anne Pignolet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0837-7948"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yvonne-Anne Pignolet","raw_affiliation_strings":["DFINITY Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DFINITY Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088669734","display_name":"Victor Shoup","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6996-5660"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor Shoup","raw_affiliation_strings":["DFINITY Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DFINITY Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000266943","display_name":"Dominic Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7387-8928"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dominic Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["DFINITY Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DFINITY Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045989894"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.49846107,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95391022,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"81","last_page":"91"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9761999845504761,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13471","display_name":"Cognitive Functions and Memory","score":0.9294000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8237518072128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gossip-protocol","display_name":"Gossip protocol","score":0.7171463370323181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.6297577023506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byzantine-fault-tolerance","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","score":0.5755204558372498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5746099352836609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gossip","display_name":"Gossip","score":0.5744336843490601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leader-election","display_name":"Leader election","score":0.5622529983520508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5393133163452148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissemination","display_name":"Dissemination","score":0.5346336364746094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.5113189220428467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.47176244854927063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4511531591415405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-byzantine-agreement","display_name":"Quantum Byzantine agreement","score":0.44935229420661926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.30317607522010803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.11739364266395569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09579005837440491}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8237518072128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145928361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5587504","display_name":"Gossip protocol","level":3,"score":0.7171463370323181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.6297577023506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168021876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1353446","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","level":3,"score":0.5755204558372498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5746099352836609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62989814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854648","display_name":"Gossip","level":2,"score":0.5744336843490601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53480672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424189","display_name":"Leader election","level":2,"score":0.5622529983520508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5393133163452148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101780184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840576","display_name":"Dissemination","level":2,"score":0.5346336364746094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.5113189220428467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.47176244854927063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4511531591415405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17532199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17083590","display_name":"Quantum Byzantine agreement","level":4,"score":0.44935229420661926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.30317607522010803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.11739364266395569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09579005837440491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3519270.3538430","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3519270.3538430","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W176477096","https://openalex.org/W197129110","https://openalex.org/W1544994527","https://openalex.org/W1610688607","https://openalex.org/W1988655303","https://openalex.org/W2003214215","https://openalex.org/W2038562061","https://openalex.org/W2052267638","https://openalex.org/W2106004025","https://openalex.org/W2114579022","https://openalex.org/W2125945776","https://openalex.org/W2126087831","https://openalex.org/W2126924915","https://openalex.org/W2130264930","https://openalex.org/W2131848219","https://openalex.org/W2141420453","https://openalex.org/W2152465173","https://openalex.org/W2534313446","https://openalex.org/W2794717484","https://openalex.org/W2811448169","https://openalex.org/W2883173799","https://openalex.org/W2890933237","https://openalex.org/W2914452207","https://openalex.org/W2949625142","https://openalex.org/W2963873436","https://openalex.org/W2969395421","https://openalex.org/W3047818368","https://openalex.org/W3096691500","https://openalex.org/W3137092842","https://openalex.org/W3183732253"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4290996430","https://openalex.org/W2158359186","https://openalex.org/W2535240814","https://openalex.org/W4281657715","https://openalex.org/W4313071224","https://openalex.org/W2546731809","https://openalex.org/W4385374313","https://openalex.org/W2120793351","https://openalex.org/W205673011","https://openalex.org/W3177492523"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,155],"present":[1,156],"the":[2,17,24,62,75,99,103,144,153,174,177,205,209,227,244],"Internet":[3,25],"Computer":[4],"Consensus":[5],"(ICC)":[6],"family":[7],"of":[8,23,141,169,176,240],"protocols":[9,29,32,53,171,220],"for":[10,93,121,185,211,243],"atomic":[11],"broadcast":[12,235],"(a.k.a.,":[13],"consensus),":[14],"which":[15,203],"underpin":[16],"Byzantine":[18],"fault-tolerant":[19],"replicated":[20],"state":[21],"machines":[22],"Computer.":[26],"The":[27,45,139,167],"ICC":[28,80],"are":[30,39,54],"leader-based":[31,219],"that":[33,38,94,217],"assume":[34],"partial":[35],"synchrony,":[36],"and":[37,56,90,96,135,189],"fully":[40],"integrated":[41,197],"with":[42,69,131,161,198],"a":[43,113,117,119,128,182,199,215,232],"blockchain.":[44],"leader":[46,63,210],"changes":[47],"probabilistically":[48],"in":[49,58,89,116,127,181],"every":[50],"round.":[51,105],"These":[52],"simple":[55],"robust:":[57],"any":[59],"round":[60,95,123,130],"where":[61],"is":[64,77,149,193],"corrupt":[65],"(which":[66,237],"itself":[67],"happens":[68],"probability":[70],"less":[71],"than":[72],"1/3)":[73],"or":[74],"network":[76,133],"asynchronous,":[78],"each":[79],"protocol":[81,100],"will":[82,124],"effectively":[83],"allow":[84],"other":[85],"parties":[86,148],"to":[87,97,102,146,195],"step":[88],"propose":[91],"blocks":[92,145,180],"move":[98],"forward":[101],"next":[104],"In":[106],"case":[107],"there":[108],"was":[109],"no":[110],"agreement":[111],"on":[112,165],"single":[114],"block":[115],"round,":[118],"decision":[120],"this":[122],"be":[125,196,239],"taken":[126],"later":[129],"synchronous":[132],"behavior":[134],"an":[136,150,186],"honest":[137],"leader.":[138],"task":[140],"reliably":[142],"disseminating":[143,212],"all":[147,218],"integral":[151],"part":[152],"protocol.":[154],"three":[157],"different":[158],"protocols,":[159],"along":[160],"various":[162],"minor":[163],"variations":[164],"each.":[166],"first":[168],"these":[170],"(ICC0)":[172],"illustrates":[173],"combination":[175],"main":[178],"building":[179],"simplified":[183],"manner":[184],"easier":[187],"presentation":[188],"analysis.":[190],"Protocol":[191,224],"ICC1":[192],"designed":[194],"peer-to-peer":[200],"gossip":[201,245],"sub-layer,":[202],"reduces":[204],"bottleneck":[206],"created":[207],"at":[208],"large":[213],"blocks,":[214],"problem":[216,229],"must":[221],"address.":[222],"Our":[223],"ICC2":[225],"addresses":[226],"same":[228],"by":[230],"substituting":[231],"lowcommunication":[233],"reliable":[234],"subprotocol":[236],"may":[238],"independent":[241],"interest)":[242],"sub-layer.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
