{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4307020330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3517745.3561423","title":"Where .ru?","display_name":"Where .ru?","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4307020330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3517745.3561423"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3517745.3561423","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3517745.3561423","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3517745.3561423","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Internet Measurement Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3517745.3561423","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043382340","display_name":"Mattijs Jonker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5174-9140"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mattijs Jonker","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Twente"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Twente","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085735887","display_name":"Gautam Akiwate","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1359-1722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800935791","display_name":"UC San Diego Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/01kbfgm16","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gautam Akiwate","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC San Diego"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023571864","display_name":"Antonia Affinito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3948-7720"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonia Affinito","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Naples"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Naples","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072282499","display_name":"kc claffy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4824-3493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800935791","display_name":"UC San Diego Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/01kbfgm16","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"kc Claffy","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC San Diego"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002965923","display_name":"Alessio Botta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3365-1446"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessio Botta","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Naples"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Naples","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081366293","display_name":"Geoffrey M. Voelker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0865-7499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800935791","display_name":"UC San Diego Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/01kbfgm16","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geoffrey M. Voelker","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC San Diego"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091643049","display_name":"Roland van Rijswijk-Deij","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0249-8776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roland van Rijswijk-Deij","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Twente"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Twente","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048394730","display_name":"Stefan Savage","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6617-8029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800935791","display_name":"UC San Diego Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/01kbfgm16","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Savage","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC San Diego"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.8497,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96137132,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"159","last_page":"165"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.984000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.984000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9693999886512756,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9441999793052673,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/russian-federation","display_name":"Russian federation","score":0.7681000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/certificate","display_name":"Certificate","score":0.7558475136756897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.6495369076728821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5976507663726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.4314901530742645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42295145988464355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.4149245619773865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.25782424211502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-policy","display_name":"Economic policy","score":0.1579403281211853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019953208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159","display_name":"Russian federation","level":2,"score":0.7681000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96865113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2946816","display_name":"Certificate","level":2,"score":0.7558475136756897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.6495369076728821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5976507663726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4314901530742645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42295145988464355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4149245619773865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.25782424211502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105639569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582577","display_name":"Economic policy","level":1,"score":0.1579403281211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3517745.3561423","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3517745.3561423","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3517745.3561423","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Internet Measurement Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:publications/5a04a357-9b25-4350-97ef-82a00b9ca63c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/5a04a357-9b25-4350-97ef-82a00b9ca63c","pdf_url":"https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/files/287286516/3517745.3561423.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922991","display_name":"University of Twente Research Information","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Jonker, M, Akiwate, G, Affinito, A, Claffy, K, Botta, A, Voelker, G M, van Rijswijk - Deij, R M & Savage, S 2022, Where .ru?: assessing the impact of conflict on russian domain infrastructure. in Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Internet Measurement Conference. Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 159-165, 22nd ACM Internet Measurement Conference, IMC 2022, Nice, France, 25/10/22. https://doi.org/10.1145/3517745.3561423","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:7696277","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/7696277","pdf_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/7696277","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3517745.3561423","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3517745.3561423","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3517745.3561423","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Internet Measurement Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3418842755","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"830927","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7331901853","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EU H2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8440009107","display_name":"SaTC: CORE: Medium: Large-Scale Characterization of DNS Abuse","funder_award_id":"1705050","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321015","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332603","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4307020330.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4307020330.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965761857","https://openalex.org/W1974616087","https://openalex.org/W2344804892","https://openalex.org/W3122687112","https://openalex.org/W3185642453","https://openalex.org/W4224993660"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W3023161109","https://openalex.org/W4403043108","https://openalex.org/W2906254466","https://openalex.org/W4295936756","https://openalex.org/W4384164303","https://openalex.org/W4250862983","https://openalex.org/W4229078711","https://openalex.org/W3122213275"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"hostilities":[1],"in":[2,13,86,97],"Ukraine":[3],"have":[4],"driven":[5],"unprecedented":[6],"forces,":[7],"both":[8,24,65],"from":[9,46,50,66],"third-party":[10],"countries":[11],"and":[12,40,42,70,81,92],"Russia,":[14],"to":[15,31],"create":[16],"economic":[17],"barriers.":[18],"In":[19],"the":[20,33,75,87,98],"Internet,":[21],"these":[22],"manifest":[23],"as":[25],"internal":[26],"pressures":[27,44],"on":[28,37,77],"Russian":[29,54,99],"sites":[30],"(re-)patriate":[32],"infrastructure":[34],"they":[35],"depend":[36],"(e.g.,":[38],"naming":[39],"hosting)":[41],"external":[43],"arising":[45],"Western":[47],"providers":[48],"disassociating":[49],"some":[51],"or":[52],"all":[53],"customers.":[55],"While":[56],"quite":[57],"a":[58,67],"bit":[59],"has":[60],"been":[61],"written":[62],"about":[63],"this":[64],"policy":[68],"perspective":[69],"anecdotally,":[71],"our":[72],"paper":[73],"places":[74],"question":[76],"an":[78],"empirical":[79],"footing":[80],"directly":[82],"measures":[83],"longitudinal":[84],"changes":[85],"makeup":[88],"of":[89],"naming,":[90],"hosting":[91],"certificate":[93],"issuance":[94],"for":[95],"domains":[96],"Federation.":[100]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2022-10-22T00:00:00"}
