{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293235851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3517193","title":"Bash in the Wild: Language Usage, Code Smells, and Bugs","display_name":"Bash in the Wild: Language Usage, Code Smells, and Bugs","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293235851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3517193"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3517193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3517193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053101204","display_name":"Yiwen Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3205-9010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yiwen Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075260410","display_name":"Zheyang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1266-2752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheyang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052271946","display_name":"Yongqiang Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1644-2965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongqiang Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101708632","display_name":"C. P. Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0862-2491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengnian Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037111360","display_name":"Michael W. Godfrey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5500-025X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael W. Godfrey","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029916309","display_name":"Meiyappan Nagappan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4533-4728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meiyappan Nagappan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053101204"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2414,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82895645,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8527582287788391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scripting-language","display_name":"Scripting language","score":0.7969439029693604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5736758708953857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unix","display_name":"Unix","score":0.4188710153102875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.19723692536354065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8527582287788391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61423126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187432","display_name":"Scripting language","level":2,"score":0.7969439029693604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5736758708953857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112968700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11368","display_name":"Unix","level":3,"score":0.4188710153102875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.19723692536354065}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3517193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3517193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-136174","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-136174","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1558065798","https://openalex.org/W2002683279","https://openalex.org/W2007005238","https://openalex.org/W2077337386","https://openalex.org/W2138555106","https://openalex.org/W2142867733","https://openalex.org/W2146878883","https://openalex.org/W2176484213","https://openalex.org/W2508918698","https://openalex.org/W2759963882","https://openalex.org/W2850992922","https://openalex.org/W2963058168","https://openalex.org/W2996363134","https://openalex.org/W3034030180","https://openalex.org/W4213412050","https://openalex.org/W4233730851","https://openalex.org/W4244051999","https://openalex.org/W4252647935","https://openalex.org/W4393617534"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2033889310","https://openalex.org/W644889988","https://openalex.org/W2086577855","https://openalex.org/W2119018183","https://openalex.org/W1575418055","https://openalex.org/W2496732697","https://openalex.org/W189459719","https://openalex.org/W1564198055","https://openalex.org/W2105855614"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Bourne-again":[1],"shell":[2,11,25,195],"(Bash)":[3],"is":[4,20,28,69],"a":[5,98,148],"prevalent":[6],"scripting":[7],"language":[8,86],"for":[9,185],"orchestrating":[10],"commands":[12],"and":[13,39,91,121,125,144,174,188,196,199],"managing":[14],"resources":[15],"in":[16,81,116],"Unix-like":[17],"environments.":[18],"It":[19],"one":[21,109],"of":[22,41,60,77,102,127,155],"the":[23,36,58,75,145,153,156,162],"mainstream":[24],"dialects":[26],"that":[27,138,161,179,191],"available":[29],"on":[30,56,74,106],"most":[31,130,163],"GNU":[32],"Linux":[33],"systems.":[34],"However,":[35],"unique":[37],"syntax":[38],"semantics":[40],"Bash":[42,61,66,78,103,113,128,139,187],"could":[43],"easily":[44],"lead":[45],"to":[46,193],"unintended":[47],"behaviors":[48],"if":[49],"carelessly":[50],"used.":[51,132],"Prior":[52],"studies":[53],"primarily":[54],"focused":[55],"improving":[57],"reliability":[59],"scripts":[62,114,140],"or":[63],"facilitating":[64],"writing":[65],"scripts;":[67],"there":[68],"yet":[70],"no":[71],"empirical":[72,100],"study":[73,101],"characteristics":[76],"programs":[79],"written":[80],"reality,":[82],"e.g.,":[83],"frequently":[84],"used":[85],"features,":[87],"common":[88,164],"code":[89],"smells,":[90],"bugs.":[92],"In":[93],"this":[94],"article,":[95],"we":[96,136],"perform":[97],"large-scale":[99],"usage,":[104],"based":[105],"analyses":[107],"over":[108],"million":[110],"open":[111],"source":[112],"found":[115],"Github":[117],"repositories.":[118],"We":[119,158,177],"identify":[120],"discuss":[122],"which":[123],"features":[124],"utilities":[126],"are":[129,141],"often":[131,142],"Using":[133],"static":[134],"analysis,":[135],"find":[137,160],"error-prone,":[143],"error-proneness":[146],"has":[147],"moderately":[149],"positive":[150],"correlation":[151],"with":[152],"size":[154],"scripts.":[157],"also":[159],"problem":[165],"areas":[166],"concern":[167],"quoting,":[168],"resource":[169],"management,":[170],"command":[171],"options,":[172],"permissions,":[173],"error":[175],"handling.":[176],"envision":[178],"these":[180],"findings":[181],"can":[182],"be":[183],"beneficial":[184],"learning":[186],"future":[189],"research":[190],"aims":[192],"improve":[194],"command-line":[197],"productivity":[198],"reliability.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-04T09:10:02.777135","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}